Erythroblastois

Question 1

 This occurs involves a Rh+ fetus and maternal anti-Rh antibodies produced
after a prior pregnancy.
 Babies symptoms may appear
swollen, pale, or jaundiced after birth.
 The baby may have a larger-than-normal liver and spleen

Answer 1

Erythroblastosis fetalis

Question 2

Blood tests can
also reveal that the baby has anemia or a low RBC count.
 Babies can also experience a condition known as hydrops fetalis, where fluid
starts to accumulate in spaces where fluid is normally not present. This
includes spaces in the abdomen, heart and lungs.
 This symptom can be harmful because the extra fluid places pressure on the
heart and affects its ability to function

Answer 2

Erythroblastosis fetalis

Question 3

= a prescription medicine that is used to prevent Rh
immunization, a condition in which an individual with Rh-negative
blood develops antibodies after exposure to Rh-positive blood.

administered by intramuscular (IM) injection

purified from human plasma containing anti-Rh (anti-D

Answer 3

RhoGAM

Question 4

 Plasma antibody meets its specific surface antigen
 Blood will agglutinate and hemolyze
 Occur if donor and recipient blood types not compatible

Answer 4

Cross-Reactions in Transfusions

Question 5

-a rare but serious
syndrome characterized by sudden acute respiratory distress
following transfusion.  It is defined as new, acute lung injury (ALI) during or within six hours
after blood product administration in the absence of temporallyassociated risk factors for ALI.

-clinical syndrome
in which there is acute, noncardiogenic pulmonary edema associated
with hypoxia that occurs during or after a transfusion.

Answer 5

Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI)

Question 6

 Also called leukocytes
 Do not have hemoglobin
 Have nuclei and other organelles

Answer 6

WBC

Question 7

WBC functions

Answer 7

Defend against pathogens
 Remove toxins and wastes
 Attack abnormal cell

Question 8

 Four Characteristics of Circulating WBCs

Answer 8

1. Can migrate out of bloodstream
2. Have amoeboid movement
3. Attracted to chemical stimuli (positive chemotaxis)
4. Some are phagocytic  Neutrophils, eosinophils, and monocytes

Question 9

Types of WBCs

Answer 9

Basophils
Eosinionphils
Neutrophils
Lymphocytes
Monocytes

Question 10

 Very active, first to attack bacteria
 Engulf and digest pathogens
 Degranulation
 Removing granules from cytoplasm
 Defensins (peptides from lysosomes) attack pathogen membranes
 Release prostaglandins and leukotrienes
 Form pus

Answer 10

Neutrophils

Question 11

 2–4 percent of circulating WBCs
 Attack large parasites
 Excrete toxic compounds
 Nitric oxide
 Cytotoxic enzymes
 Are sensitive to allergens
 Control inflammation with enzymes that counteract inflammatory effects
of neutrophils and mast cells

Answer 11

 Eosinophils (Acidophil

Question 12

 Are less than 1 percent of circulating WBCs
 Accumulate in damaged tissue
 Release histamine
 Dilates blood vessels
 Release heparin
 Prevents blood clotting

Answer 12

Basophils

Question 13

 2–8 percent of circulating WBCs
 Are large and spherical
 Enter peripheral tissues and become macrophages
 Engulf large particles and pathogens
 Secrete substances that attract immune system cells and fibroblasts to
injured area

Answer 13

Monocytes

Question 14

 20–40 percent of circulating WBCs
 Are larger than RBCs
 Migrate in and out of blood
 Mostly in connective tissues and lymphoid organs
 Are part of the body’s specific defense system

Answer 14

Lymphocytes