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Clin Chem > Hormones > Flashcards

Hormones Flashcards

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1
Q

Stimulate the growth and activity of other endocrine glands such as LH, FSH, TSH, ACTH

A

Tropic hormones

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2
Q

Act directly on peripheral tissue such as growth hormone and prolactin

A

Direct effectors

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3
Q

Hormones derived from cholesterol that are soluble in water with a carrier protein such as cortisol, testosterone, aldosterone, estrogen

A

Steroid hormones

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4
Q

Synthesized from amino acids such as thyroxine derivatives that are poorly soluble and require a specific transport protein such as epinephrine and norepinephrine and catecholamines

A

Amino acid derivatives

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5
Q

Three main chemical structures to hormones

A

Peptide / small proteins, steroid hormones, amino acid derivatives

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6
Q

Hormones carry a signal to a Target organ. Secreted by which gland

A

Endocrine glands

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7
Q

Control rate and type of growth

A

Morphogenesis

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8
Q

Main functions of hormones

A

Regulatory / maintain homeostasis

Morphogenesis / control rate and type of growth

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9
Q

What are the four steps to how hormones work

A
  1. Target cells have hormone receptors
  2. Hormones bind with these receptors and activate genes
  3. Transcription occurs with mRNA
  4. Synthesis of new proteins occur which alter cellular activity
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10
Q

Humoral stimulus

A

Capillary blood equals decrease calcium stimulates parathyroid gland

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11
Q

Neural stimulus

A

Pre ganglionic sympathetic fibers stimulate Adrenal medulla cells to secrete catecholamines

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12
Q

Hormonal stimulus

A

Hypothalamus secretes hormones that stimulate anterior pituitary gland

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13
Q

Increased heart rate, increase blood pressure

A

Short term stress response

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14
Q

Increase blood sugar, suppression of immune system, increased blood pressure

A

Long term stress response

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15
Q

Increase in a hormone leads to decrease in another

A

Negative feedback

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16
Q

Increase of one hormone leads to increase in another

A

Pulsatility

17
Q

What is regulated by the nervous system

A

Cyclicity

18
Q

It’s a concentration between the hypothalamus and pituitary gland is broken what will happen

A

The hypothalamus could keep releasing hormones while the pituitary will not release any hormones

19
Q

The releasing factors regulate the secretion of hormones from the pituitary

A

Hypothalamus Master gland controls the releasing factors

20
Q

Secreted from the hypothalamus that act on pituitary gland to release Tropic hormones period examples crh, trh, GnRH, ghrh, PIH / prf

A

Releasing hormones

21
Q

If there was a problem with the hypothalamus itself

A

There will be no releasing factors produced causing all hormones to reduce except for prolactin which will increase

22
Q

If there was a problem with the pituitary gland or the Tropic hormone itself

A

There will be a decrease in the Target hormone and this will cause a decrease in function of Target organ itself

23
Q

If there was a problem with the target gland or Target hormone

A

Hyperactivity / will increase production of Target hormone and decrease production of Tropic hormones and releasing factors
Hypo activity / will decrease production of Target hormone will increase production of Tropic hormones and releasing factors

24
Q

LH, FSH, TSH, ACTH are all hormones of

A

Anterior pituitary gland

25
Q

What regulates protein synthesis, cell growth and division period regulated by ghrh and somatostatin

A

Growth hormone

26
Q

What controls production and release of hormones of the adrenal cortex

A

ACTH

27
Q

What regulates production of T3 and T4 by thyroid which is regulated by trh

A

TSH

28
Q

In males what stimulates spermatogenesis.

A

FSH

29
Q

In males what stimulates secretion of testosterone from Leydig cells

A

LH

30
Q

In females what promotes growth and development of ovarian follicles, estradiol production, release of estrogen

A

FSH

31
Q

In females promotes ovulation, and stimulates production of estradiol and progesterone

A

LH

32
Q

What two hormones rise just before ovulation and represent positive feedback

A

FSH and LH

33
Q

What is a direct effect of hormone for lactation

A

Prolactin

34
Q

What is the only neuroendocrine signal that inhibits prolactin

A

Dopamine

35
Q

What regulates reabsorption of water and distal renal tubules and is produced in the hypothalamus stored in posterior pituitary

A

ADH also known as vasopressin

36
Q

What is stimulated by decrease in blood pressure or blood volume also stimulated by increases and osmolality

A

ADH

37
Q

What regulates uterine contraction at Birth and helps regulate lactation and is produced in the hypothalamus and stored in posterior pituitary

A

Oxytocin

38
Q

What is a synthetic oxytocin

A

Pitocin which is given to speed up and strengthen contractions. There is no endorphin released to counter pain. And measurement is not clinically useful

39
Q

An example of positive feedback

A

Oxytocin

Clin Chem (15 decks)

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