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Clin Chem > Blood Gases > Flashcards

Blood Gases Flashcards

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1
Q

A substance that can yield a hydrogen ion or hydronium ion when dissolved in water

A

Acid

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2
Q

A substance that can be yelled hydroxyl ions

A

Base

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3
Q

A pH level below reference range of 7.35

A

Acidosis

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4
Q

A pH level above reference range of 7.45

A

Alkalosis

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5
Q

What is essential to enzyme activity and biological processes

A

PH

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6
Q

Partial pressure of CO2 dissolved in blood is considered to be the respiratory component

A

Pco2

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7
Q

Indicates the bicarbonate level in the blood, the largest buffer in blood that is considered the metabolic component

A

Hco3

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8
Q

What system is the body’s first line of defense against extreme changes in hydrogen concentration

A

Buffer systems

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9
Q

Carbonic acid system has low buffering capacity but is still important buffer for three reasons

A

Changes in CO2, hco3 concentration, H2 CO3 dissociates into CO2 and H2O

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10
Q

What is considered the metabolic component

A

Bicarb

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11
Q

What accounts for about 95% of the buffering capacity of proteins

A

Albumin

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12
Q

What is the main buffer in the RBC, the imidazole group of histidine that can pick up the hydrogen ion

A

Hgb

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13
Q

Decrease in bicarbonate resulting in decreased pH

A

Metabolic acidosis

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14
Q

Decrease in alveolar ventilation causing decrease elimination of CO2 by lungs

A

Respiratory acidosis

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15
Q

Gain in hco3 causing increase in pH

A

Metabolic alkalosis

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16
Q

Increase in alveolar ventilation causing excessive elimination of CO2 by lungs

A

Respiratory alkalosis

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17
Q

Hypoventilation, coma, COPD, respiratory depression

A

Respiratory acidosis

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18
Q

Can see in patients with vomiting and diarrhea, too much hco3

A

Metabolic alkalosis

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19
Q

Can see in patients that are hyperventilating, loss of CO2

A

Respiratory alkalosis

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20
Q

Anion gap calculation can be useful in determining type of metabolic acidosis, not enough hco3, extra acid in blood

A

Metabolic acidosis

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21
Q

Metabolic acidosis

A

Decrease decrease

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22
Q

Metabolic alkalosis

A

Increase increase

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23
Q

Respiratory acidosis

A

Decrease pH, increase pco2

24
Q

Respiratory alkalosis

A

Increase pH increase hco3

25
Q

7 conditions necessary for adequate tissue oxygenation

A

Atmospheric oxygen, ventilation, gas exchange, 02 onto hemoglobin, hemoglobin, transport, release of O2 to tissues

26
Q

Common factors influencing amount of o2 that moves through alveoli into blood and then to tissues

A

Destruction of alveoli, pulmonary edema, Airway blockage, in adequate blood supply, diffusion of CO2 and O2

27
Q

02 reversibly bound to hemoglobin

A

Oxyhemoglobin

28
Q

Hemoglobin not bound 202 but capable of forming a bond when O2 is available

A

Deoxyhemoglobin

29
Q

Hemoglobin bound to co

A

Carboxyhemoglobin

30
Q

Hemoglobin unable to bind O2 because iron is in an oxidized rather than reduced state

A

Methemoglobin

31
Q

Ratio of o2 bound to carrier protein, hemoglobin, compared with total amount of hemoglobin capable of binding to O2

A

Oxygen saturation

32
Q

Ratio of concentration of oxyhemoglobin to concentration of total hemoglobin

A

Fractional oxyhemoglobin

33
Q

Assessed by transcutaneous, pulse oximetry

A

Trends in oxygen saturation

34
Q

Total o2 in blood some of o2 bound to hemoglobin and amount dissolved in plasma

A

Oxygen content

35
Q

What shift has decreased Affinity to bind O2 resulting in release of o2 to tissues.
Decreased pH
Increased CO2 2-3 DPG and temperature

A

Shift to the right

36
Q

What shift has increased Affinity to bind 02.
Increased pH
Decreased CO2 2-3 DPG and temperature

A

Shift to the left

37
Q

Substance produced by rbc’s that help facilitate O2 transport to tissues

A

2-3 DPG

38
Q

Amount of current flow indicates oxygen present

A

Amperometric

39
Q

Change in voltage indicates analyte activity

A

Potentiometric

40
Q

The reference electrode is

A

Silver silver chloride and potassium chloride solution

41
Q

The reading electrode is

A

Silver silver chloride in buffer solution in bulb of pH sensitive glass

42
Q

Used and blood gas instruments since beginning of clinical measurement of blood gases

A

Macro electrode sensors

43
Q

Based on henderson-hasselbalch equation can be calculated when pH and pco2 are known

A

Hco2

44
Q

Can be calculated using solubility coefficient of CO2 in plasma at 37 degrees Celsius

A

Carbonic acid concentration

45
Q

Bicarbonate + dissolved CO2 + Associated CO2 with proteins

A

Total carbon dioxide content

46
Q

Diabetes and alcoholics

A

Metabolic acidosis

47
Q

Dehydration, vomiting, diuretics, increased ADH, decrease potassium

A

Metabolic alkalosis

48
Q

Lung disease, stroke, liver disease, pregnancy, sepsis, congestive heart failure, increased TSH

A

Respiratory alkalosis

49
Q

Copt, Cardiac Arrest, obesity, Ms, muscular dystrophy

A

Respiratory acidosis

50
Q

When arterial blood from a normal patient is exposed to room air

A

Pco2 decreases and po2 increases

51
Q

Most of the CO2 present in the blood is in the form of

A

Bicarbonate ion

52
Q

Hyperventilation can compensate for

A

Metabolic alkalosis

53
Q

The percent O2 saturation is best determined from

A

Spectro photo metric measurement of hbo2, HB, HP CEO and HBO met at for relatively arbitrary a wavelength

54
Q

Amperometry is the principle of the

A

Po2 Electrode

55
Q

Most automated blood gas analyzers directly measure

A

PH, pco2, po2

56
Q

Diabetic ketoacidosis has a _____ pH

A

Low

Clin Chem (15 decks)

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