Blood Gases

Question 1

A substance that can yield a hydrogen ion or hydronium ion when dissolved in water

Answer 1

Acid

Question 2

A substance that can be yelled hydroxyl ions

Answer 2

Base

Question 3

A pH level below reference range of 7.35

Answer 3

Acidosis

Question 4

A pH level above reference range of 7.45

Answer 4

Alkalosis

Question 5

What is essential to enzyme activity and biological processes

Answer 5

PH

Question 6

Partial pressure of CO2 dissolved in blood is considered to be the respiratory component

Answer 6

Pco2

Question 7

Indicates the bicarbonate level in the blood, the largest buffer in blood that is considered the metabolic component

Answer 7

Hco3

Question 8

What system is the body’s first line of defense against extreme changes in hydrogen concentration

Answer 8

Buffer systems

Question 9

Carbonic acid system has low buffering capacity but is still important buffer for three reasons

Answer 9

Changes in CO2, hco3 concentration, H2 CO3 dissociates into CO2 and H2O

Question 10

What is considered the metabolic component

Answer 10

Bicarb

Question 11

What accounts for about 95% of the buffering capacity of proteins

Answer 11

Albumin

Question 12

What is the main buffer in the RBC, the imidazole group of histidine that can pick up the hydrogen ion

Answer 12

Hgb

Question 13

Decrease in bicarbonate resulting in decreased pH

Answer 13

Metabolic acidosis

Question 14

Decrease in alveolar ventilation causing decrease elimination of CO2 by lungs

Answer 14

Respiratory acidosis

Question 15

Gain in hco3 causing increase in pH

Answer 15

Metabolic alkalosis

Question 16

Increase in alveolar ventilation causing excessive elimination of CO2 by lungs

Answer 16

Respiratory alkalosis

Question 17

Hypoventilation, coma, COPD, respiratory depression

Answer 17

Respiratory acidosis

Question 18

Can see in patients with vomiting and diarrhea, too much hco3

Answer 18

Metabolic alkalosis

Question 19

Can see in patients that are hyperventilating, loss of CO2

Answer 19

Respiratory alkalosis

Question 20

Anion gap calculation can be useful in determining type of metabolic acidosis, not enough hco3, extra acid in blood

Answer 20

Metabolic acidosis

Question 21

Metabolic acidosis

Answer 21

Decrease decrease

Question 22

Metabolic alkalosis

Answer 22

Increase increase

Question 23

Respiratory acidosis

Answer 23

Decrease pH, increase pco2

Question 24

Respiratory alkalosis

Answer 24

Increase pH increase hco3

Question 25

7 conditions necessary for adequate tissue oxygenation

Answer 25

Atmospheric oxygen, ventilation, gas exchange, 02 onto hemoglobin, hemoglobin, transport, release of O2 to tissues

Question 26

Common factors influencing amount of o2 that moves through alveoli into blood and then to tissues

Answer 26

Destruction of alveoli, pulmonary edema, Airway blockage, in adequate blood supply, diffusion of CO2 and O2

Question 27

02 reversibly bound to hemoglobin

Answer 27

Oxyhemoglobin

Question 28

Hemoglobin not bound 202 but capable of forming a bond when O2 is available

Answer 28

Deoxyhemoglobin

Question 29

Hemoglobin bound to co

Answer 29

Carboxyhemoglobin

Question 30

Hemoglobin unable to bind O2 because iron is in an oxidized rather than reduced state

Answer 30

Methemoglobin

Question 31

Ratio of o2 bound to carrier protein, hemoglobin, compared with total amount of hemoglobin capable of binding to O2

Answer 31

Oxygen saturation

Question 32

Ratio of concentration of oxyhemoglobin to concentration of total hemoglobin

Answer 32

Fractional oxyhemoglobin

Question 33

Assessed by transcutaneous, pulse oximetry

Answer 33

Trends in oxygen saturation

Question 34

Total o2 in blood some of o2 bound to hemoglobin and amount dissolved in plasma

Answer 34

Oxygen content

Question 35

What shift has decreased Affinity to bind O2 resulting in release of o2 to tissues. Decreased pH Increased CO2 2-3 DPG and temperature

Answer 35

Shift to the right

Question 36

What shift has increased Affinity to bind 02. Increased pH Decreased CO2 2-3 DPG and temperature

Answer 36

Shift to the left

Question 37

Substance produced by rbc's that help facilitate O2 transport to tissues

Answer 37

2-3 DPG

Question 38

Amount of current flow indicates oxygen present

Answer 38

Amperometric

Question 39

Change in voltage indicates analyte activity

Answer 39

Potentiometric

Question 40

The reference electrode is

Answer 40

Silver silver chloride and potassium chloride solution

Question 41

The reading electrode is

Answer 41

Silver silver chloride in buffer solution in bulb of pH sensitive glass

Question 42

Used and blood gas instruments since beginning of clinical measurement of blood gases

Answer 42

Macro electrode sensors

Question 43

Based on henderson-hasselbalch equation can be calculated when pH and pco2 are known

Answer 43

Hco2

Question 44

Can be calculated using solubility coefficient of CO2 in plasma at 37 degrees Celsius

Answer 44

Carbonic acid concentration

Question 45

Bicarbonate + dissolved CO2 + Associated CO2 with proteins

Answer 45

Total carbon dioxide content

Question 46

Diabetes and alcoholics

Answer 46

Metabolic acidosis

Question 47

Dehydration, vomiting, diuretics, increased ADH, decrease potassium

Answer 47

Metabolic alkalosis

Question 48

Lung disease, stroke, liver disease, pregnancy, sepsis, congestive heart failure, increased TSH

Answer 48

Respiratory alkalosis

Question 49

Copt, Cardiac Arrest, obesity, Ms, muscular dystrophy

Answer 49

Respiratory acidosis

Question 50

When arterial blood from a normal patient is exposed to room air

Answer 50

Pco2 decreases and po2 increases

Question 51

Most of the CO2 present in the blood is in the form of

Answer 51

Bicarbonate ion

Question 52

Hyperventilation can compensate for

Answer 52

Metabolic alkalosis

Question 53

The percent O2 saturation is best determined from

Answer 53

Spectro photo metric measurement of hbo2, HB, HP CEO and HBO met at for relatively arbitrary a wavelength

Question 54

Amperometry is the principle of the

Answer 54

Po2 Electrode

Question 55

Most automated blood gas analyzers directly measure

Answer 55

PH, pco2, po2

Question 56

Diabetic ketoacidosis has a _____ pH

Answer 56

Low