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Princeton Bio > Hormones > Flashcards

Hormones Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

hypothalamus hormones

A
  • releasing and inhibiting factors

- peptides

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2
Q

target/effect of releasing and inhibiting factors

A
  • anterior pituitary

- modify activity

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3
Q

hormones of the anterior pituitary (types)

A
  • growth hormone (peptide)
  • prolactin (peptide)
  • thyroid stimulating hormone (peptide)
  • adrenocorticotropic hormone (peptide)
  • luteinizing hormone (peptide)
  • follicle stimulating hormone (peptide)
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4
Q

tropic hormones

A
  • TSH

- ACTH

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5
Q

gonadotropic hormones

A
  • FSH

- LH

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6
Q

target/effect of GH

A
  • increase bone and muscle growth

- increase cell turnover rate

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7
Q

target/effect of prolactin

A
  • mammary gland

- milk production

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8
Q

target/effect of TSH

A
  • thyroid

- increase synthesis and release of TH

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9
Q

target/effect of ACTH

A
  • increase growth and secretory activity of the adrenal cortex
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10
Q

target/effect of LH

A
  • ovary/ovulation
  • testes/testosterone synth
  • LH so you don’t look like a lady.
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11
Q

target/effect of FSH

A
  • ovary/follicle development

- testes/spermatogenesis

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12
Q

hormones of the posterior pituitary

A
  • ADH/vasopressin (peptide)

- oxytocin (peptide)

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13
Q

target/effect of ADH

A
  • kidney

- water retention

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14
Q

target/effect of oxytocin

A
  • breast/milk letdown

- uterus/contraction

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15
Q

hormone of thyroid

A
  • TH/thyxroxine (modified amino acid but acts like steroid)
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16
Q

target/effect of TH

A
  • child: necessary for physical and mental development

- adult: increase metabolic rate and temperature

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17
Q

thyroid c cells

A
  • calcitonin (peptide)
18
Q

target/effect of calcitonin

A
  • bone,kidney ; lowers serum Ca2+
19
Q

hormone of parathyroid

A
  • PTH (peptide)
20
Q

target/effect of PTH

A
  • bone/kidney/small intestine; increases serum Ca2+
21
Q

hormone of thymus

A
  • thymosin (children only) (peptide)
22
Q

target/effect of thymosin

A
  • T cell development during childhood
23
Q

hormone of adrenal medulla

A
  • epinephrine (modified amino acid)
24
Q

target/effect of epinephrine

A
  • sympathetic stress response (rapid)
25
Q

hormones of the adrenal cortex

A
  • cortisol/glucocorticoid (steroid)
  • aldosterone/mineralcorticoid (steroid)
  • sex steroids
26
Q

target/effect of cortisol

A
  • longer-term stress response
  • increase blood glucose
  • increase protein catabolism
  • decrease inflammation and immunity
27
Q

target/effect of aldosterone

A
  • kidney

- increase Na+ reabsorption to increase BP

28
Q

target/effect of sex steroids

A
  • an adrenal tumor can overproduce these, causing masculinization or feminization
29
Q

hormones of endocrine pancreas (islets of Langerhans)

A
  • insulin (beta cells secrete) (peptide)
  • glucagon (alpha cells secrete) (peptide)
  • somatostatin (gamma cells secrete) (peptide)
30
Q

target/effect of insulin

A
  • decrease blood glucose concentration

- increase glycogen and fat storage

31
Q

target/effect of glucagon

A
  • increase blood glucose concentration

- decrease glycogen and fat storage

32
Q

target/effect of somatostatin

A
  • inhibits many digestive processes
33
Q

hormone of testes

A
  • testosterone (steroid)
34
Q

target/effect of testosterone

A
  • male characteristics

- spermatogenesis

35
Q

hormones of ovaries/placenta

A
  • estrogen (steroid)

- progesterone (steroid)

36
Q

target/effect of estrogen

A
  • female characteristics

- endometrial growth

37
Q

target/effect of progesterone

A
  • endometrial secretion

- pregnancy

38
Q

hormone of the heart

A
  • atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) (peptide)
39
Q

target/effect of ANF

A
  • kidney

- increase urination to decrease blood pressure

40
Q

hormone of kidney

A
  • erythropoietin (peptide)
41
Q

target/effect of erythropoietin

A
  • bone marrow

- increase red blood cell synthesis

Princeton Bio (14 decks)

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