Hormones Flashcards
hypothalamus hormones
- releasing and inhibiting factors
- peptides
target/effect of releasing and inhibiting factors
- anterior pituitary
- modify activity
hormones of the anterior pituitary (types)
- growth hormone (peptide)
- prolactin (peptide)
- thyroid stimulating hormone (peptide)
- adrenocorticotropic hormone (peptide)
- luteinizing hormone (peptide)
- follicle stimulating hormone (peptide)
tropic hormones
- TSH
- ACTH
gonadotropic hormones
- FSH
- LH
target/effect of GH
- increase bone and muscle growth
- increase cell turnover rate
target/effect of prolactin
- mammary gland
- milk production
target/effect of TSH
- thyroid
- increase synthesis and release of TH
target/effect of ACTH
- increase growth and secretory activity of the adrenal cortex
target/effect of LH
- ovary/ovulation
- testes/testosterone synth
- LH so you don’t look like a lady.
target/effect of FSH
- ovary/follicle development
- testes/spermatogenesis
hormones of the posterior pituitary
- ADH/vasopressin (peptide)
- oxytocin (peptide)
target/effect of ADH
- kidney
- water retention
target/effect of oxytocin
- breast/milk letdown
- uterus/contraction
hormone of thyroid
- TH/thyxroxine (modified amino acid but acts like steroid)
target/effect of TH
- child: necessary for physical and mental development
- adult: increase metabolic rate and temperature
thyroid c cells
- calcitonin (peptide)
target/effect of calcitonin
- bone,kidney ; lowers serum Ca2+
hormone of parathyroid
- PTH (peptide)
target/effect of PTH
- bone/kidney/small intestine; increases serum Ca2+
hormone of thymus
- thymosin (children only) (peptide)
target/effect of thymosin
- T cell development during childhood
hormone of adrenal medulla
- epinephrine (modified amino acid)
target/effect of epinephrine
- sympathetic stress response (rapid)
hormones of the adrenal cortex
- cortisol/glucocorticoid (steroid)
- aldosterone/mineralcorticoid (steroid)
- sex steroids
target/effect of cortisol
- longer-term stress response
- increase blood glucose
- increase protein catabolism
- decrease inflammation and immunity
target/effect of aldosterone
- kidney
- increase Na+ reabsorption to increase BP
target/effect of sex steroids
- an adrenal tumor can overproduce these, causing masculinization or feminization
hormones of endocrine pancreas (islets of Langerhans)
- insulin (beta cells secrete) (peptide)
- glucagon (alpha cells secrete) (peptide)
- somatostatin (gamma cells secrete) (peptide)
target/effect of insulin
- decrease blood glucose concentration
- increase glycogen and fat storage
target/effect of glucagon
- increase blood glucose concentration
- decrease glycogen and fat storage
target/effect of somatostatin
- inhibits many digestive processes
hormone of testes
- testosterone (steroid)
target/effect of testosterone
- male characteristics
- spermatogenesis
hormones of ovaries/placenta
- estrogen (steroid)
- progesterone (steroid)
target/effect of estrogen
- female characteristics
- endometrial growth
target/effect of progesterone
- endometrial secretion
- pregnancy
hormone of the heart
- atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) (peptide)
target/effect of ANF
- kidney
- increase urination to decrease blood pressure
hormone of kidney
- erythropoietin (peptide)
target/effect of erythropoietin
- bone marrow
- increase red blood cell synthesis
