Homeostasis lesson 2

Question 1

What is deamination

Answer 1

Protein metabolism when NH3 is removed

Question 2

Why do we want to get rid of ammonia when we metabolism it

Answer 2

It’s toxic and can raise pH of blood.

Question 3

List the 3 nitrogenous waste

Answer 3

-urea- Less toxic form of ammonia
-uric acid
-Creatinine: waste product of anaerobic respiration made in muscle and brain (ATP breakdown)

Question 4

Define tonicity

Answer 4

The concentration of solutes in a solution
-WATER WILL MOVE BY OSMOSIS TO RESTORE ISOTONICITY

Question 5

If the red blood cell is a hypotonic then what does it mean and look like.(hypo=hypo)

Answer 5

Looks swollen and about to burst.
It is dilute because less solute

Question 6

If red blood cell is hypertonic what does it look like and mean

Answer 6

shrivelled and small
more solute and concentrated.

Question 7

List 3 kidneys functions

Answer 7

1)Excretion
2) Osmoregulation
3)Endocrine

Question 8

State a hormone that starts with R secreted by the kidney

Answer 8

Renin
-important for maintaining blood pressure
-in cases of low blood pressure renin is secreted causing vasoconstriction and increased bp

Question 9

State a hormone that starts with E secreted by the kidney

Answer 9

Erythropoetin
-important for producing red blood cells.

Question 10

Vitamin D is…

Answer 10

converted into an active form in the kidneys and this activated form is used to help cells absorb calcium.

Question 11

Bowmans capsule

Answer 11

Filtration
-Blood from the renal arteriole enters glomerulus
-very high blood pressure
-Plasms & small solutes pass into the nephron 80-90%
-Proteins and blood cells stay in capillary.

Question 12

Proximal tubule

Answer 12

Selective reabsorption
-Glucose, a.a , Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+ vitamins reabsorbed by active transport.
-Cl- reabsorbed by passive transport
-H2O reabsorbed by osmosis (Passive)

Question 13

Descending tubule

Answer 13

Reabsorption
-Walls impermeable to salt & urea but free permeable to H2O
-H2O diffuses out because the medulla is hypertonic

Question 14

Ascending tubule

Answer 14

Reabsorption
-Walls become impermeable to H2O but permeable to Nacl
=lower part is passive transport
=uper part active transport Na+

Question 15

Distal tubule

Answer 15

Reabsorption
-Walls become permeable to H2O if ADH is present (aquaporins open up)
-Filtrate is hypotonic lesss solute is present becuase salt removed by active transport.
-H2O diffuses out passively.

Question 16

Aldosterone is released to…

Answer 16

stimulate Na+ pump when bp is low

Question 17

if ADH is present what happens

Answer 17

Walls become permeable to H2o

Question 18

Where does Aldosterone act on?

Answer 18

Acts on the ascending tubule

Question 19

Where does ADH act on?

Answer 19

Acts on distal tubule and collecting duct.

Question 20

What is aldosterone released from

Answer 20

the adrenal glands (on top of the kidney)

Question 21

What does Aldosteron do

Answer 21

Stimulates active transport of Na through the walls of the ascending tubule

Question 22

Where is ADH produced in

Answer 22

the pituitary gland

Question 23

What is ADH helpful for?

Answer 23

Helpful when dehydrated or low blood volume.

Question 24

Aldosterone increases…

Answer 24

water volume but does not affect osmolarity (concentration)

Question 25

ADH increases…

Answer 25

Water volume AND decreases osmolarity (concentration)

Question 26

What does ADH do?

Answer 26

increases water reabsorption by making walls permeable to H2O

Question 27

List 3 factors that affect the kidney…

Answer 27

1. Hormone
2. Blood pressure.
3. Ingestion
4. Temperature and heat loss.
5. Blood pH and lungs.

Question 28

What happens if your blood pressure is high

Answer 28

blood pressure increases… partial walls will balloon out because they are getting pushed by the blood.

Question 29

What senses increased bp

Answer 29

Baroreceptors (pressure sensors in major arteries)

Question 30

What is the integrator of bp

Answer 30

hypothalamus
-increase bp= pituitary stops
-Decrease bp=pitutary relases ACTH

Question 31

Blood pressure is detected by what and what does it send signals to afterward

Answer 31

the hypothalamus sends signals to pituitary gland

Question 32

If blood pressure increases does that mean more urine or less

Answer 32

increased urine production.
Because the signal suppresses ADH production

Question 33

Which part of the nephron could be involved in regulating pH levels in the body?

Answer 33

The collecting duct - secretes H+ ions into the collecting duct using active transport

Question 34

In conditions of dehydration, what role does ADH play in the nephron?

Answer 34

Increases the permeability of the distal tubule so that less water exits with the urine.

Question 35

How do the KIDNEYS help to maintain a normal pH level in our blood?

Answer 35

regulate how many H+ ions are secreted

Question 36

How do the KIDNEYS help to maintain a normal pH level in our blood?

Answer 36

regulate how many H+ ions are secreted

Question 37

What is RENIN responsible for

Answer 37

Important for maintaining blood pressure.
If there is low blood pressure, renin is secreted.

Question 38

What is erythropoietin important for?

Answer 38

For producing red blood cells.