1.9 Proteins Flashcards
List 5 functions of proteins
- structural proteins
2.Enzymes
3.Pigaments
4.Hormones
5.Immunoglobins
What is the function of structural protein
-Makeup body parts
What is the function of enzymes
-biological catalysts
What is the function of pigment
-colored protein
-(it is a part of structural protein)
What is the function of Hormones
-regulatory proteins
-Control metabolic pathways
Immunoglobulins
-Antibodies
Are enzymes soluble or insoluble
soluble
State a fact about solubility in all 5 functions of proteins
They are all soluble except for structural proteins
Give examples of structural proteins
-Myosin= Makes up muscle fibers
-Keratin=Hair and fur
-Collagen= skin and joints
-Microtubules & filaments= help support cell
-Bones and teeth
Give examples of enzymes
-Amylase= hydrolysis reaction of polysaccharides into monosaccharide
-Pepsin=Hydrololsis of protein into aminoacids
-Lipase= Hydrolosis of lipids into glycerol and fatty acids.
Give examples of pigament
-melanin
-hemoglobin= red pigment in RBC
-chlorophyll
-Anthocyanin
Give examples of hormones
-Adrenaline
-Thyroxine= regulates metabolism.
What determines the sequence of amino acids in proteins
The DNA
What determines the function of the protein?
The primary structure because it determines the secondary and tertiary structures.
What is the secondary structure caused by
Cause by H-bonds between N-H(+) and C=O(-) of different amino acids.
How are the folds of b-pleated sheet
-More than 1 chain can H bond resulting in larger molecules
-mostly structural protein.
What is mostly a structural protein
Secondary structure- more specifically B-pleated sheet.
Is secondary b-pleated sheet soluble or insoluble
Insoluble
Is secondary helix soluble or insoluble
soluble protein
Tertiary structures are either…
1- H bonds between polar groups
2- disulfide bridges between neighboring sulfhydryl groups
3- Hydrophobic interactions of non-polar groups.
What are tertiary structures
Further foldings cause by interactions of R-side chains.
What are quaternary structures
2 or more protein chains interact together
may contain prosthetic group
Give 2 examples of Quaternary structures
- Hemoglobin with Fe
- 2 amino acid chains.
What causes denaturation of a protein?
-High heat
-High or low pH
-Heavy metals
-Organic solvents (dissolve non-polar groups)
-Detergents
What happens in stage 1 (B) in Denaturation
- The H-bonds break
-May regain a 3-d Structure (renaturation)
What happens in stage 2 (C)
- Disulfide linkages break resulting in coagulated proteins (insoluble)
-Irriversible
