HNS Anatomy 3 - Neck and Face Flashcards
List the functions of the neck
- Supports and moves the head (structural - inside the prevertebral fascia)
- Visceral functions (connects the m outh and airways to the GI tract, inside or associates with pretracheal fascia)
- Conduit for blood vessels and nerves (inside or associated with carotid fascia)
List the compartments of the neck
- Vertebral compartment (contains the cervical vertebrae and associated postural muscles)
- Visceral compartment (important glands, parts of respiratory and digestive tracts)
- Vascular compartment (one on each side - contains internal jugular vein, common carotid and vagus nerve)
What is present at each cervical vertebra level?
- C1 open mouth
- C2 superior cervical ganglion
- C3 body of thyroid
- C4 Upper border of thyroid cartilage and bifurcation of the common carotid artery
- C6 cricoid cartilage and middle cervical ganglion
- C7 inferior cervical ganglion
What is in the anterior triangle of the neck?
- Digastric muscle
- Platysma
- Mylohyoid
- Infrahyoid
- Carotid arteries
- Internal jugular vein
- Digastric muscle
- Stylohyoid muscle
What is the function of the sternocleidomastoid muscle?
Allows us to turn our head into the opposite direction
What are the borders of the posterior triangle?
- Sternocleidomastoid muscle
- Trapezius
- Middle third of the scapula
What are the borders of the anterior triangle?
- Base of the mandible
- Sternocleidomastoid muscle
- Saggital plane
List the contents of the posterior triangle in the neck
- Mainly vessels and nerves
- External jugular vein
- Sunclavian artery
- Subclavian vein
- Trunks of the branchial plexus
- Phrenic nerve
- Vagus nerve
- Spinal accessory nerve
Describe the lymphatic drainage of the neck
- Parotid duct, submandibular and submental drain into the anterior cervical
- Mastoid and occipital ducts to superficial cervical
- To deep cervical (along the internal jugular vein)
Which nerve supplies the platysma muscle?
Facial nerve
Which nerve supplies the mylohyoid muscle?
Mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve
Which nerves supply the digastric muscle?
- Mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve and facial nerve
Which nerves supply the infrahyoid muscles?
- Omohyoid, sternothyroid and sternohyoid muscles are supplied by the ansa cervicalis
- Thyrohyoid muscle is supplied by C1 fibres via the hypoglossal nerves
What is inside the carotid sheath?
- Carotid artery
- Internal jugular vein
- Vagus nerve
How can the sternocleidomastoid muscle be palpated?
- When the patient turns their head to the opposite side
-From the clavicle to the mastoid process
-
Where is the bifurcation of the common carotid artery?
- At the horizontal plane of the intervertebral disc between C3 and C4
- Approximately at the upper margin of the thyroid cartilage
How is the internal jugular vein differentiated from the common carotid artery on ultrasound?
- Internal jugular vein is larger and more triangular, and it will compress upon pressure
- The common carotid artery is smaller, more spherical and will not compress upon pressure
Where can central venous lines be inserted?
- Into the internal jugular vein
- Subclavian vein
- Femoral vein
What are central venous lines used for?
- Long term intravenous antibiotics
- Long term parenteral nutrition
- Pain medications
- Drugs that cant be inserted into peripheral vessels
List the possible complications of central line insertion
- Pneumothorax
- Thrombus
- Hitting the artery
- Hitting a nerve, such as the recurrent laryngeal nerve
Where does the vagus nerve exit the skull?
Jugular foramen
Which nerves exit the skull via the jugular foramen?
- Vagus nerve
- Glossopharyngeal nerve
- Accessory nerve
How do you test the function of the accessory nerve?
- Ask the patient to shrug their shoulders with and without resistance
- Ask the patient to turn their head against resistance
