Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Year 2 LCRS > Anatomy of the Limbs 2 - Shoulder and Arm > Flashcards

Anatomy of the Limbs 2 - Shoulder and Arm Flashcards

1
Q

Define the muscular compartments of the shoulder and arm

A

Shoulder

  • Anterior
  • Posterior
  • Intrinsic

Arm

  • Anterior
  • Posterior
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

List the posterior pectoral muscles

A
  • Trapezius
  • Latissimus dorsi
  • Levator scapulae
  • Rhomboids
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

List the intrinsic shoulder muscles

A
  • Deltoid
  • Rotator cuff muscles (supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis)
  • Teres major
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

List the anterior pectoral muscles

A
  • Pectoralis major
  • Pectoralis minor
  • Subclavis
  • Serratus anterior
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

List the muscles in the anterior compartment of the arm

A
  • Coracobrachialis
  • Brachialis
  • Biceps brachii
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

List the muscles in the posterior compartment of the arm

A
  • Triceps

- Anconeus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

List the bones of the arm and shoulder

A
  • Humerus
  • Scapula
  • Clavicle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How is the anterior and posterior compartment of the arm separated?

A
  • By the humerus

- By medial and lateral intermuscular septa (attaches to the sides of the humerus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the main action of muscles in the arm?

A

Move the forearm at the elbow joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

List the motor nerves of the arm (upper and lower)

A
  • Musculocutaneous nerve
  • Median nerve
  • Radial nerve
  • Ulnar nerve
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the function of the musculocutaneous nerve?

A
  • Motor to all the muscles in the anterior compartment of the arm
  • Sensory to skin on the anterolateral side of the forearm
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the function of the median nerve?

A
  • Motor to most flexors in the forearm
  • Motor to thenar muscles in the hand
  • Sensory to the palmar surface of the lateral three and one-half digits
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the function of the radial nerve?

A
  • Motor to all muscles in posterior compartment of arm (triceps and anconeus) and forearm
  • Sensory to skin on the posterior surface of the forearm and the dorsolateral surface of the hand
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the function of the ulnar nerve?

A

Motor to:

  • Intrinsic muscles in the hand
  • Flexor carpi ulnaris
  • Medial half of flexor digitorum profundus in forearm

Sensory to
- Medial one and one-half digits of the finger

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What nerve supplies the flexor component of the arm?

A

Musculocutaneous nerve (C5,6,7)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the general attachments of the flexor compartment of the arm?

A
  • Arise from scapula or flexor surface of humerus

- Attach to flexor surface of proximal forearm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Which muscle is the most powerful supinator of the forearm?

A
  • Biceps

- Due to attachment to the radius

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

List the joints in the arm and shoulder region

A
  • Sternoclavicular
  • Acromio-clavicular
  • Gleno-humeral
  • Scapulo-thoracic
  • Elbow
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Which joints are involved in the pectoral girdle?

A
  • Sterno-clavicular
  • Acromio-clavicular
  • Gleno-humaral
  • Scapulo-thoracic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

List the qualities of the sterno-clavicular joint and the possible injuries

A
  • Synovial joint, composed of two portions separated by a fibrocartilage articular disc
  • Strong due to the sternoclavicular ligaments
  • Injury results in sternoclavicular subluxation and dislocation
  • Only connection of the pectoral girdle to the axial skeleton
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What type of joint is the acromioclavicular joint?

A

Synovial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

List the clinically important ligaments stabilising the ACJ

A
  • Acromio-clavicular
  • Coraco-clavicular (coracoid process of the scapula to the clavicle)
  • Coraco-acromial ligament (often a cause of impingement of the gleno-humeral joint)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

When is the ACJ frequently injured?

A
  • Falls onto the outstretched hand
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What type of joint is the gleno-humeral joint? List its qualities.

A
  • Synovial ball and socket
  • Great mobility, low stability
  • Stability comes from the muscles, ligaments and capsular attachments around it. The head stays in its socket due to rotator cuff muscles (depress the humeral head)
  • Glenoid cavity is deepened by the glenoid labrum (rim of cartilage)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

List the extensions of the capsule of the shoulder joint

A
  • Glenoid to the humeral head
  • Subacromial bursa (form a bursa between the humeral head
    and the overlying acromial process)
  • An extension around the long head of biceps as it lies within
    the inter-tubercular grove of the humerus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is the coracoacromial arch?

A
  • Above the gleno-humaral joint
  • Acromion, coracoid process and coraco-acromial ligament
  • Prevents the humerus rising superiorly
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

List the movements of the gleno-humeral joint and the muscles that perform them

A

Flexion

  • Clavicular head of pectoralis major
  • Anterior fibres of deltoid
  • Coracobrachialis
  • Biceps

Extension
- latissimus dorsi

Abduction

  • Supraspinatus (first 15 degrees)
  • Central fibres of deltoid (after 15 degrees)

Adduction

  • Pectoralis major
  • Latissimus dorsi

Internal rotation
- Subscapularis

External rotation

  • Infraspinatus
  • Teres minor
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is the scapulothoracic joint?

A
  • The scapulo-thoracic ‘joint’ is essentially a theoretical concept,
    but represents the ‘articulation’ between the scapula and the
    chest wall.
  • Elevation, depression, protraction, retraction and rotation of the scapula
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What are the movements of the sacupulo-thoracic joint?

A
  • Elevation and depression of the scapula
  • Protraction of the scapula i.e. forward and lateral movement
    of the scapula against the chest wall
  • Retraction of the scapula i.e. backward and medial
    movement of the scapula against the chest wall
  • Rotation of the scapula.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

List the arteries of the shoulder and arm

A
  • Subclavian artery becomes the axillary artery as it passes over the first rib
  • Axillary artery becomes the brachial artery at the inferior border of teres major
  • Axillary artery divided into 3 parts according to its relation with the pectoralis major muscle (superior, deep and inferior)
  • Brachial artery is the main artery, dividing to form the radial and ulnar arteries
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Describe the venous drainage of the arm and scapula

A
  • Cephalic vein is lateral, basilic vein is medial
  • Axillary vein formed by the basilic vein joining the venae comitantes of the brachial artery
  • Axillary vein becomes the subclavian vein at the level of the 1st rib
32
Q

Describe the lymphatics of the arm and scapula

A
  • Ultimately there is drainage to axillary lymph nodes
  • Cubital, delto-pectoral, axillary, subclavian
  • Drain into the subclavian lymphatic trunk, and ultimately the right lymphatic trunk (right side) and thoracic duct (left side)
33
Q

List the important nerves of the pectoral and arm region

A
  • Long thoracic
  • Suprascapular
  • Medial and lateral pectoral
  • Thoracodorsal
  • Axillary
  • Musculocutaneous (C5,6,7)
  • Ulnar (C8 T1)
  • Median (C6,7,8 T1)
  • Radial (C5,6,7,8 T1)
34
Q

Which muscles are supplied by the axillary nerve?

A
  • Deltoid

- Teres minor

35
Q

Which muscles are supplied by the thoracodorsal nerve?

A

Latissimus dorsi

36
Q

Which muscles are supplied by the long thoracic nerve?

A

Serratus anterior

37
Q

Which muscles are supplied by the lateral and medial pectoral nerves?

A

Pectoralis major and minor

38
Q

List the proximal attachments of the pectoralis major

A

Medial 1/3rd of clavicle, sternum and costal cartilages

39
Q

What is the distal attachment of the pectoralis major?

A

Lateral lip of the intertubercular sulcus

40
Q

List the functions of the pectoralis major

A
  • Adducts and medially rotates the humerus

- Lesser actions on the scapula

41
Q

What is the function of the subclavius muscle?

A

Anchors the clavicle

42
Q

Where are the attachments of the serratus anterior muscle?

A

From medial border of scapula to anterior attachments on the ribs (usually 1-9)

43
Q

List the functions of the latissimus dorsi

A
  • Extends, adducts and rotates the humerus
  • Pulls the body up to the arms during climbing.
  • Also important in rowing.
44
Q

Which muscles are supplied by the dorsal scapular nevre?

A
  • Rhomboids

- Levator scapulae

45
Q

List the functions of the rhomboid muscle

A
  • Retracts, rotates and fixes the scapula
46
Q

List the functions of the levator scapulae

A

Elevates and rotates the scapula

47
Q

What is the function of the deltoid?

A

Abducts the arm, supraspinatus is important in initiating the first 15 degrees

48
Q

What is the function of the teres major?

A

Adducts and medially rotates the arm

49
Q

Which neck of the humerus is more commonly damaged?

A

Surgical neck

50
Q

What is the significance of the deltoid tuberosity?

A

The proximal attachment of the deltoid muscle to the humerus

51
Q

List the attachments of the pectoralis minor

A
  • Proximal attachemtn to the coracoid process

- Distal attachments to ribs 2-4

52
Q

What is the function of the pectoralis minor?

A

Pulls the scapula forwards and down

53
Q

List the attachments of the subclavis

A
  • Distal clavicle

- Proximal 1st rib

54
Q

List the attachments of the trapezius

A
  • Nuchal ligament (descending), cervical and thoracic vertebrae (middle and ascending)
  • Spine of the scapula
  • Acromion and clavicle
55
Q

List the attachments of the latissimus dorsi

A
  • Proximally thoracolumbar fascia (down to sacrum and up to T8)
  • Distally forms a strap like muscle that attaches to the floor of the intertubercular groove
56
Q

List the attachments of the rhomboids

A
  • Spinous processes of lower part of the neck and thoracic vertebrae
  • Attaches to medial border of scapula
57
Q

List the attachments of the levator scapulae

A
  • Superior angle of scapula

- Transverse processes of C1-4

58
Q

List the attachments of the deltoid muscle

A
  • Acromion
  • Lateral border of clavicle
  • Spine of scapula
  • Deltoid tuberosity
59
Q

List the attachments of the teres major muscle

A
  • Inferior angle of scapula

- Humerus (intertubercular sulcus)

60
Q

List the attachments of the biceps brachii muscle

A
  • Two heads (lateral long head and medial short head)
  • Short head proximal attachment to coracoid process
  • Long head crosses over the shoulder joint to attach to the superior part of the rim of the glenoid fossa (supraglenoid tubercle)
  • Heads merge to form distal attachments (tendon attaches to the radial tuberosity, and forms biceps aponeurosis)
61
Q

List the attachments of the coracobrachialis

A
  • Coracoid process

- Shaft of humerus

62
Q

List the attachments of the brachialis muscle

A
  • Middle part of shaft of humerus

- Attaches to coronoid process of the ulnar bone

63
Q

List the attachments of the triceps

A
  • Lateral head and medial head attached to posterior shaft of humerus
  • Long head attaches to the infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula
  • Distally form triceps tendon, which attaches to olecranon process of ulna
64
Q

List the attachments of the anconeus

A
  • Olecranon process of the ulna

- Posterior ulna

65
Q

What is the importance of the axilla?

A
  • Gateway for nerves and blood vessels to enter and leave the upper limb
  • Pyramid shaped
  • Arteries, veins, lymphatics, nerves contained
66
Q

List the functions of the rotator cuff muscles

A
  • Supraspinatus muscle abducts the arm
  • Infraspinatus muscle externally roatates the arm
  • Subscapularis medially rotates the arm and adducts it
  • All muscles stabilise the shoulder joint
67
Q

What does “Lady between two majors” mean?

A
  • Latissisimus dorsi muscle attaches to the intertubercular sulcus between the pectoralis major and teres major
  • Pec major attaches to the lateral lip
  • Teres major attaches to the medial lip
68
Q

List the attachments of the rotator cuff muscles

A

Attach around the head of the humerus, and proximally to the scapula

  • Teres minor is most lateral
  • Infraspinatus
  • Supraspinatus greater tubercle of humerus
  • Subscapularis lesser tubercle of humerus
69
Q

How is the sternocleidomastoid muscle tested? Which nerve does this test?

A
  • Turn the head right or left against resistance

- Accessory nerve

70
Q

How is the trapezius muscle tested? Which nerve does this test?

A
  • Shrug shoulders against resistance

- Accessory nerve

71
Q

How is the pectoralis major muscle tested? Which nerve does this test?

A
  • Adduct abducted arm against resistance

- Lateral nad medial pectoral nerves

72
Q

How is the serratus anterior muscle tested? Which nerve does this test?

A
  • Press strongly against the wall with arms outstretched

- Long thoracic nerve

73
Q

How is the teres major muscle tested? Which nerve does this test

A
  • Adduct the arm against resistance. Palpate the muscle in the posterior axillary fold
  • Lower subscapular nerve
74
Q

How is the latissimus dorsi muscle tested? Which nerve does this test?

A
  • Abduct arm to 90 degrees, then adduct against resistance. See and palpate the muscle in the axillary fold
  • Thoracodorsal nerve
75
Q

How is the deltoid muscle tested? Which nerve does this test?

A
  • Abduct the upper arm against resistance

- Axillary nerve

Year 2 LCRS (128 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions