History - Revolutions 🗽 Flashcards
What is the definition of a revolution?
A revolution is a fundamental transformation
of political, social, and economic institutions.
What are the two models of revolutions?
The Thermodynamic Model (fire) and the Hydraulic Model (water)
What does the thermodynamic model suggest?
Its suggests that grievances can feed on themselves over time as issues build up (the “thermal” part), and that as governments fail to respond there is a push and pull between the people and the state (the “dynamic” part)
What does the hydraulic model suggest?
It suggests that grievances against the government build up over time like a rising flood. If the government represses the agitation of the people, It may be under control for a while but eventually overwhelm and break, like a dam.
Briefly summarize what Aristotle said is the chief cause for revolutionary feeling.
The desire of equality or the desire of inequality and superiority.
What were Americans who settled in towns considered before the revolution?
British subjects.
Before the American revolution, women’s rights were based on…
Where they lived and whether or not they were married or had property
Why did British subjects get angry with the British government?
They had no direct representation in parliament, and did not agree with many laws and taxes.
What was the British Government’s excuse for taxing the colonies?
“Virtual representation”
What is Virtual Representation?
The idea that Members of the Parliament represented and made laws on behalf of all British subjects
everywhere whether they had someone directly representing them or not.
After America declared Independence from Britain, they tried setting up their own government. Did the first government succeed?
The first government failed. The second one - the Constitution - succeeded and is still here to this day.
How did representation change after the revolution?
Eligible voters could now elect representatives to
Congress to make decisions on their behalf. Eligible voters could also elect electors who would then vote for the president.
Who were considered American Citizens after the revolution?
Free white people
How did the thirteen colonies pay for the war against Britain?
By borrowing money from allies, printing paper money, and issuing promissory notes (promise to pay money)
What is a trade surplus?
When the value of goods exported is higher than the value of goods imported to the country.
What is a trade deficit?
When the value of goods imported to the country is higher than the value of goods exported from the country.
Why did America get into a trade deficit?
England increased the price of goods they exported exponentially.
What was the independent US like?
it was a society of class conflicts, protests, and demands for equality. Individual states responded to the debt crisis by raising taxes. Those in debt pushed back.
Was there slavery in the independent US?
Yes.
Was slavery referred to directly in the constitution?
No, it was very vaguely referred to.
According to the constitution, what happens to a slave that runs away and is caught?
They must be returned.
According to the constitution, the slave trade cannot be stopped until…
1808, dont ask why.
From 1790 to 1840, did slavery become more common?
Yes, it spread throughout America.
What was the Shays rebellion?
When farmers got together to rebel as they were not given enough compensation from their help in the war.
What did Abigail Adams ask her husband?
She asked him to give women more rights.
How did John Adams respond to his wife?
He laughed.
Before the revolution, large families were ____
Celebrated.
Before the revolution, what were white married women expected to devote their lives to do?
Have children.
How often did women give birth before the revolution?
Roughly every 18 months to 2 years.
During the revolution, women started to ____.
During the revolution, women started to question the idea that they had to devote their lives to children.
What happened to the birth rate from 1760 onwards?
It decreased.
How were enslaved black women treated?
Pregnancy was seen as a source of profit for their masters, their children were seen as free labour.
How were poor white women treated?
Many were not married, and so had illegitimate children. These mothers could be humiliated or whipped at churches.
