History - Haitian Revolution ✊🏿 Flashcards
What is the island of Hispaniola split into?
Haiti and the Dominican republic.
Who were the first inhabitants of Haiti?
The Taino people, who arrived in around 400BC.
Who arrived at Haiti in 1494?
The Spanish arrived, with Columbus.
What Happened to the Taino people after the Spanish arrived?
They were forced to work for the Spanish, and were met with disease.
Originally what did the Taino people call Hispaniola?
Aiti
When The Spanish arrived at Haiti, Columbus built a fort, went back, and left 39 men to search for gold, what did the men do?
They mistreated the Tainos, pillaged their villages, seized their woman, and committed acts of violence.
How did the Taino people retaliate at the crimes committed?
They killed the men and burnt the fort, and when Columbus returned a year later to enlarge the settlement, he finds the fort in ruins.
When Bartholomew de la Casas came to the colony, what did he do about the Taino people’s treatment?
He replaced them with slaves.
When do slaves first revolt against spanish rule?
In 1522, 269 years before the revolution. Their revolt is easily stopped.
When do the French enter the island?
In the early 1600s
Who were the 3 nations trying to take control of Saint Domingue?
Britain, French, and of course Spain.
Which settlers begin tobacco plantations?
The French begin it, and create a shift to a plantation-based economy.
What were the conspiracies started by slaves about?
They were aimed at the massacre and annihilation of their white masters.
Did the need for slaves keep increasing?
Yes, they made more and more plantations, which required more slaves.
What were the forms of resistance slaves practiced?
- Running away
- Voodoo
- Suicide
- Infanticide
- Arson
- Poisoning
Who was Francois Makandal?
A famous maroon leader who led a 6 year rebellion. He was a former slave who lost his hand.
What 4 main classes was society divided into before the revolution?
Grand Blancs, Petit Blancs, Gens de Couleur, and Slaves.
Who were the Grand Blancs?
Translates to “big whites”. They were rich and owned many plantations and slaves, They had a lot of rights. Many were plantation owners.
Who were the Petit Blancs?
Translates to “small whites”. They had medium income or were poor. They had some rights. Examples of them are merchants, shopkeepers, artisans, laborers.
