History - New Imperialism [DISCONTINUED FOR NOW] 🌆 Flashcards
What was the revolution that led to new imperialism?
The industrial revolution.
When did new imperialism start?
In the late 1800s
When did new imperialism end?
In the early 1900s
What was the goal of new imperialism?
To build vast empires based on economic, military, political, religious, and social reasons.
What underpinned the industrial revolution?
The Agricultural revolution.
What was the timespan of the agricultural revolution?
The mid 1800s to the mid 1900s.
What was the agricultural revolution?
The unprecedented and huge increase in food output, which supported the expansion, sustained a large population, and boosted trade.
What was the industrial revolution?
The rapid development of industry that occurred in Britain in the late 18th and 19th centuries, brought about by the introduction of machinery. It was characterized by the use of steam power, the growth of factories, and the mass production of manufactured goods.
What did the industrial revolution require?
Money, natural resources, and workers.
What were the economic reasons for new imperialism?
Imperialised nations wanted to expand their markets on a global scale, so they could sell products that wouldn’t be worth selling in their country. There was a huge need for cheap labor and a supply of raw materials, the industrial nations thought that the only way to make an industrial economy was to directly control them.
What were the military reasons for new imperialism?
European nations felt that colonies were crucial to military power, national security, and nationalism. Natal vessels needed military bases all around the world. Industrial nations found that colonizing countries was the best way to do this, as once they had the harbors they would be safe.
What were the political reasons for new imperialism?
Many people saw having many colonies as a status symbol for a country. According to the German historian Heinrich von Treitschke, great nations should want to conquer ‘barbarian’ nations.
What was the religious viewpoint held by Europeans to justify new imperialism?
Many believed that Christianity was the “true religion”, and wanted to “civilize” other continents, spreading the “blessings” of the western world (medicine, law and Christianity).
What poem was written that claimed that the US faced a burden in imperialising other countries? Who wrote it?
“The white man’s burden”. It was written by Rudyard Kipling, the same person who wrote The Jungle Book.
Who is Charles Darwin?
He and was an English naturalist, geologist, and biologist. Born in 1809-1882, he was best know for his theory of natural selection and human evolution.
What is the theory of natural selection? (Darwin)
It is the theory that all life has evolved for millions of years, and that natural forces selected the physical traits that best adapted life to the changing environment.
What is the theory of human evolution? (Darwin)
The theory that humans have evolved from apes.
Who came up with social Darwinism?
Herbert Spencer. (1820-1903)
What is the theory of social Darwinism and how did it twist Darwin’s theories?
He believed that competition between species was natural due to requiring natural resources. He applied this to human SOCIETIES and NATIONS and said they must compete and the best societies and nations would conquer the “less fit” ones.
How did Social Darwinism support new imperialism?
It suggested that some people were biologically more fit and advanced than others, and that it was only ‘natural’ for them to conquer the “inferior” to conquer ‘black’ and ‘brown’ people.
Who came up with the theory that disproved Social Darwinism? What is it?
Peter Kropotkin (1842-1921). The theory was the Mutual aid theory.
What is Eugenics?
The study of the agencies under social control, that improve or impair the racial qualities of future generations either physically or mentally.
Who first coined the term Eugenics and when was it?
Sir Francis Galton in 1883, Darwin’s half brother
What is positive eugenics?
The type of Eugenics that encourage fit people to have more children in order to pass down their characteristics.
