History of Psych Flashcards
_____ defended mind-body dualism.
Descartes
Founder of scientific psychology
Wilhelm Wundt
- Set up a lab in 1879 in Leipzig
_____ set up a psychology lab employing introspection at Johns Hopkins University, helped found the American Psychological Association, and became its first president.
G. Stanley Hall
_____ brought introspection to his own lab at Cornell University, analyzed consciousness into its basic elements, and investigated how these elements are related.
Edward Titchener
Wundt, Hall, and Titchener were members of the School of ______.
Structuralism
First woman president of the American Psychological Association.
Mary Whiton Calkins
William James, John Dewey & James Cattell belong to the school of _____.
Functionalism
Monism
Seeing mind and body as different aspects of the same thing
Dualism
Seeing mind and body as two different things that interact
School of Structuralism
Early psychological perspective that emphasized units of consciousness and identification of elements of thought using introspection & detailed descriptions of experience in laboratory settings.
Who wrote ‘Principles of Psychology’ [first psych textbook]
William James
Behavioural approach to psychology
Psychological perspective concerned with behavioral reactions to stimuli; learning as a result of experience.
Founders of Gestalt Psychology
Max Wertheimer, Kurt Koffka and Wolfgang Köhler
Phenomenology
Founded by Edmund Husserl
Study of phenomena that arise from experience of being in the world. Understanding the outside world as it is interpreted through human consciousness.
Husserl’s intentionality
Intentionally directing one’s focus to describe realities
Heidegger’s dasein
The situated meaning of the human in the world
School of Functionalism
Developed by William James in response to structuralism, an approach that emphasized the functions of the mind over its structures and focused on how aspects of consciousness allowed human beings to adapt to their environments.
Studied mental testing, child development, and educational practices.
Aim was to explain behaviour. Paved way for behaviourism.
John Locke
Believed that every human mind begins as a tabula rasa, or blank slate, which is shaped by individual experiences to become a unique person.
David Hume
Proposed the principles of association; rules that govern the ways in which the mind connects one idea to another and constructs complex ideas out of simpler ones.
Phrenology
Developed by German physiologists Gall and Spurzheim that personal traits could be revealed by measuring the size and location of bumps on a person’s skull; thoroughly discredited by subsequent research.
Eugenics
The controversial and discredited idea that the human species can be improved through selective breeding.
Hitler tried this.
Gestalt psychology
A response to structuralism developed by Max Wertheimer and others in the early twentieth century that sought to discover principles that organized the whole of perceptual experience.
____ was one of the first practitioners of family counseling and an advocate of the psychodynamic approach.
Alfred Adler
_____ was the American cognitive psychologist who developed a theory of cognitive growth; influential in educational psychology.
Jerome S. Bruner
____ was best known for investigating and exposing the atrocious conditions suffered by the mentally ill in state institutions and spearheading a reform movement for the humane treatment of mental patients.
Dorothea Dix
Founder of phrenology
Franz Joseph Gall
_____ was the first to measure the speed of a nerve impulse.
Hermann von Helmholtz
____ was credited with bringing structuralism to the United States.
Edward Titchener
First woman to receive a Ph.D. in psychology
Margaret Floy Washburn
Basic elements of consciousness acc. to Wundt
Sensation, feelings & images
Mental testing movement was started by ____.
Galton
Who coined the term ‘mental test’?
Cattell
Which psychological test was created by Carl Jung?
Word Association Test
