History: China Flashcards
Mandate of Heaven
if emperor is not ruling with compassion, then the chinese citizens can revolt. if the revolt is successful, then the ancestors can choose that the emporer is not fit to be a ruler. but if they lose the revolt then the gods are sided with the emperor
Imperialism
foreign rule by another country
First Opium War
(1839-1842) Chinese emperor wanted to ban opium because it was addictive and ruining society. British got offended when opium was banned because they exported it to china. This war lasted three years and british won via technology
Second Opium War
British got more of what they wanted such as: legalizing opium, took over beijing, and christianity was tolerated. after the war china did not have power
Treaty of Nanjing
lower tariffs to 5% in china, hong king was given to britain, five additional ports for trade, westerners trialed by their own countries in china
Warlords
military commanders
Sun Yat-Sen
united china and soviet union helped him
Guamindang (Nationalists Party)
allowed communist to join party
Chiang Kai-Shek
military expert, created military academy, supported by sun yat sen, wanted to build up china
Mao Zedong
joined the nationalists party as communist
Dispute between Mao and Chiang
Chiang wanted to get rid of Mao so he attacked communists, US wanted to combine mao and chiang. there was a civil war and in the end mao won, but chiang took lots a money and fled to taiwan
Long March
Mao supporters fled Chiang and marched away from Chiang
Great Leap Forward
changes in agriculture such as communes, steel production, and canals. becaus of the down fall of the great leap forward mao lost a lot of power
Communes
peasents lived here, but families were seperate
Proletarian Culture Revolution
mao made studens become red guards were they followed the red book. they ended up attacking everyone who did not accept mao. children were brain washed
Red Book
sayings of mao, red guards “bible”
Red Guard
kids that were brain washed and supporters of mao
Deng Xiaoping
changed agriculture and industry and commerce
Agriculture under Deng
everyone could sell there own things
Industry and Commerce Under Deng
foreign investment and international trade, gov made special economjc zones and wanted ro export goods
Challenges of Deng
people could not keep up with economy
Trade Imbalance
sending more than recieved. china sent more but recieved less from US
Free Trade
trade with small or no tariffs
Tariffs
taxes on imported goods
WTO
World trade organization, many world countries creates this, ground rules for trade
Hong Kong
biggest economic city in china, democracy unlike the rest of china and britian and china both wany hong kong
Taiwan
country communist fled to and debated whether or not its part of china.
Human right violation that us blames china for
dont treat prisoners right, harrasing journalist, suppression of religious freedom, piracy and censorship, suppression of immagrints
human right violation that china blames us for
treating civilians wrong in iraq and afganistan, racism
What does China send to US?
toys, clothing, etc
What does US send to China?
aircrafts and electronics
