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9th Grade > Biology: The Molecules of Life Study Guide > Flashcards

Biology: The Molecules of Life Study Guide Flashcards

1
Q

Organic Molecules

A

most carbon based molecules, carbon and hydrogen together

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2
Q

Four Main classes of Organic Molecules

A

carbs, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids

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3
Q

Inorganic Molecules

A

non-carbon based molecules

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4
Q

Hydrocarbons

A

organic compound that has carbon and hydrogen

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5
Q

Functional Group

A

group of atoms within a molecule that will interact in predictable ways

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6
Q

Hydrophilic

A

Attracted to water

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7
Q

Monomers

A

small molecular unit

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8
Q

Polymers

A

many monomers linked together

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9
Q

Dehydration Synthesis

A

things added together, 2 monomers bonded together and water is released

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10
Q

Hydrolysis

A

breaking things apart

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11
Q

Carbohydrate

A

sugar and starches

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12
Q

Monosaccharide

A

one ring structure of glucose and/or fructose

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13
Q

Disaccharide

A

two ring structure formed by adding 2 monosaccharide together through hydration synthesis

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14
Q

Polysaccharide

A

many rings formed by adding monomers together

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15
Q

Starch

A

plants use for energy storage

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16
Q

Cellulose

A

found in cell walls of plants

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17
Q

Glycogen

A

energy storage in animals

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18
Q

Lipid

A

fats, oils, waxes, steroids

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19
Q

Hydrophobic

A

avoid water

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20
Q

Saturated Fat

A

fat that consists of triglycerides containing only saturated fatty acids

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21
Q

Unsaturated Fat

A

fat or fatty acid in which there is at least one double bond within the fatty acid chain

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22
Q

Steroid

A

chemical messenger, type of lipid

23
Q

Cholesterol

A

a compound of the sterol type found in most body tissues

24
Q

Protein

A

contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen

25
Q

Amino Acid

A

monomer of protein

26
Q

Polypeptide

A

many amino peptides bonded together by peptide bond

27
Q

Peptide Bond

A

The bond formed between two amino acids

28
Q

Denaturation

A

loses shape and can no longer carry out its function

29
Q

Activation Energy

A

the minimum quantity of energy that the reacting species must possess in order to undergo a specified reaction

30
Q

Catalyst

A

when substrate is changed

31
Q

Enzyme

A

a type of protein that act as a catalyst

32
Q

Substrate

A

molecule that enzymes will work on

33
Q

Active Site

A

special area where enzymes grabs onto substrate

34
Q

Inorganic Molecules Examples

A

H2O, NaCl, CO2, O2

35
Q

Carbohydrate Monomers

A

glucose, fructose, galactose

36
Q

Lipids Monomers

A

fatty acids and glycerol

37
Q

Proteins Monomers

A

Amino acids

38
Q

Which types of organic molecules are hydrophobic?

A

lipids

39
Q

Which types of organic molecules are hydrophilic?

A

enzymes

40
Q

What are the products and reactants in a dehydration synthesis reaction?

A

glycerol, fatty acids, triglyceride

41
Q

What are the products and reactants in a hydrolysis reaction?

A

water

42
Q

How do carbohydrates function in the body?

A

provide us energy

43
Q

In what ways are steroids different from fats?

A

made up of mostly carbon and hydrogen unlike fats which are made up fatty acids and glycerol

44
Q

Why is a steroid still considered a lipid?

A

they have a four carbon rings

45
Q

How do proteins function in the body?

A

messengers in the body

46
Q

Which parts of amino acids are similar between all amino acids?

A

amino and carboxyl group

47
Q

Which parts are different in the amino acids?

A

side group

48
Q

What is the relationship between an amino acid, polypeptide chain, and a protein?

A

amino acids are linked together by a polypeptide chain which makes a protein

49
Q

What does it mean when a protein is denatured?

A

changing of the protein

50
Q

How might a protein be denatured?

A

changes of pH in temperature

51
Q

How does an enzyme function in the body?

A

help chemical reactions happen quicker than a chemical reactions normally would

52
Q

Why is it a problem if an enzyme becomes denatured?

A

because it is unable to function because of the changes

53
Q

What are two factors that might effect the functioning of an enzyme?

A

temperature and pH levels

9th Grade (19 decks)

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