Biology: The Molecules of Life Study Guide Flashcards
Organic Molecules
most carbon based molecules, carbon and hydrogen together
Four Main classes of Organic Molecules
carbs, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids
Inorganic Molecules
non-carbon based molecules
Hydrocarbons
organic compound that has carbon and hydrogen
Functional Group
group of atoms within a molecule that will interact in predictable ways
Hydrophilic
Attracted to water
Monomers
small molecular unit
Polymers
many monomers linked together
Dehydration Synthesis
things added together, 2 monomers bonded together and water is released
Hydrolysis
breaking things apart
Carbohydrate
sugar and starches
Monosaccharide
one ring structure of glucose and/or fructose
Disaccharide
two ring structure formed by adding 2 monosaccharide together through hydration synthesis
Polysaccharide
many rings formed by adding monomers together
Starch
plants use for energy storage
Cellulose
found in cell walls of plants
Glycogen
energy storage in animals
Lipid
fats, oils, waxes, steroids
Hydrophobic
avoid water
Saturated Fat
fat that consists of triglycerides containing only saturated fatty acids
Unsaturated Fat
fat or fatty acid in which there is at least one double bond within the fatty acid chain
Steroid
chemical messenger, type of lipid
Cholesterol
a compound of the sterol type found in most body tissues
Protein
contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen
Amino Acid
monomer of protein
Polypeptide
many amino peptides bonded together by peptide bond
Peptide Bond
The bond formed between two amino acids
Denaturation
loses shape and can no longer carry out its function
Activation Energy
the minimum quantity of energy that the reacting species must possess in order to undergo a specified reaction
Catalyst
when substrate is changed
Enzyme
a type of protein that act as a catalyst
Substrate
molecule that enzymes will work on
Active Site
special area where enzymes grabs onto substrate
Inorganic Molecules Examples
H2O, NaCl, CO2, O2
Carbohydrate Monomers
glucose, fructose, galactose
Lipids Monomers
fatty acids and glycerol
Proteins Monomers
Amino acids
Which types of organic molecules are hydrophobic?
lipids
Which types of organic molecules are hydrophilic?
enzymes
What are the products and reactants in a dehydration synthesis reaction?
glycerol, fatty acids, triglyceride
What are the products and reactants in a hydrolysis reaction?
water
How do carbohydrates function in the body?
provide us energy
In what ways are steroids different from fats?
made up of mostly carbon and hydrogen unlike fats which are made up fatty acids and glycerol
Why is a steroid still considered a lipid?
they have a four carbon rings
How do proteins function in the body?
messengers in the body
Which parts of amino acids are similar between all amino acids?
amino and carboxyl group
Which parts are different in the amino acids?
side group
What is the relationship between an amino acid, polypeptide chain, and a protein?
amino acids are linked together by a polypeptide chain which makes a protein
What does it mean when a protein is denatured?
changing of the protein
How might a protein be denatured?
changes of pH in temperature
How does an enzyme function in the body?
help chemical reactions happen quicker than a chemical reactions normally would
Why is it a problem if an enzyme becomes denatured?
because it is unable to function because of the changes
What are two factors that might effect the functioning of an enzyme?
temperature and pH levels
