Biology: The Molecules of Life Study Guide

Question 1

Organic Molecules

Answer 1

most carbon based molecules, carbon and hydrogen together

Question 2

Four Main classes of Organic Molecules

Answer 2

carbs, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids

Question 3

Inorganic Molecules

Answer 3

non-carbon based molecules

Question 4

Hydrocarbons

Answer 4

organic compound that has carbon and hydrogen

Question 5

Functional Group

Answer 5

group of atoms within a molecule that will interact in predictable ways

Question 6

Hydrophilic

Answer 6

Attracted to water

Question 7

Monomers

Answer 7

small molecular unit

Question 8

Polymers

Answer 8

many monomers linked together

Question 9

Dehydration Synthesis

Answer 9

things added together, 2 monomers bonded together and water is released

Question 10

Hydrolysis

Answer 10

breaking things apart

Question 11

Carbohydrate

Answer 11

sugar and starches

Question 12

Monosaccharide

Answer 12

one ring structure of glucose and/or fructose

Question 13

Disaccharide

Answer 13

two ring structure formed by adding 2 monosaccharide together through hydration synthesis

Question 14

Polysaccharide

Answer 14

many rings formed by adding monomers together

Question 15

Starch

Answer 15

plants use for energy storage

Question 16

Cellulose

Answer 16

found in cell walls of plants

Question 17

Glycogen

Answer 17

energy storage in animals

Question 18

Lipid

Answer 18

fats, oils, waxes, steroids

Question 19

Hydrophobic

Answer 19

avoid water

Question 20

Saturated Fat

Answer 20

fat that consists of triglycerides containing only saturated fatty acids

Question 21

Unsaturated Fat

Answer 21

fat or fatty acid in which there is at least one double bond within the fatty acid chain

Question 22

Steroid

Answer 22

chemical messenger, type of lipid

Question 23

Cholesterol

Answer 23

a compound of the sterol type found in most body tissues

Question 24

Protein

Answer 24

contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen

Question 25

Amino Acid

Answer 25

monomer of protein

Question 26

Polypeptide

Answer 26

many amino peptides bonded together by peptide bond

Question 27

Peptide Bond

Answer 27

The bond formed between two amino acids

Question 28

Denaturation

Answer 28

loses shape and can no longer carry out its function

Question 29

Activation Energy

Answer 29

the minimum quantity of energy that the reacting species must possess in order to undergo a specified reaction

Question 30

Catalyst

Answer 30

when substrate is changed

Question 31

Enzyme

Answer 31

a type of protein that act as a catalyst

Question 32

Substrate

Answer 32

molecule that enzymes will work on

Question 33

Active Site

Answer 33

special area where enzymes grabs onto substrate

Question 34

Inorganic Molecules Examples

Answer 34

H2O, NaCl, CO2, O2

Question 35

Carbohydrate Monomers

Answer 35

glucose, fructose, galactose

Question 36

Lipids Monomers

Answer 36

fatty acids and glycerol

Question 37

Proteins Monomers

Answer 37

Amino acids

Question 38

Which types of organic molecules are hydrophobic?

Answer 38

lipids

Question 39

Which types of organic molecules are hydrophilic?

Answer 39

enzymes

Question 40

What are the products and reactants in a dehydration synthesis reaction?

Answer 40

glycerol, fatty acids, triglyceride

Question 41

What are the products and reactants in a hydrolysis reaction?

Answer 41

water

Question 42

How do carbohydrates function in the body?

Answer 42

provide us energy

Question 43

In what ways are steroids different from fats?

Answer 43

made up of mostly carbon and hydrogen unlike fats which are made up fatty acids and glycerol

Question 44

Why is a steroid still considered a lipid?

Answer 44

they have a four carbon rings

Question 45

How do proteins function in the body?

Answer 45

messengers in the body

Question 46

Which parts of amino acids are similar between all amino acids?

Answer 46

amino and carboxyl group

Question 47

Which parts are different in the amino acids?

Answer 47

side group

Question 48

What is the relationship between an amino acid, polypeptide chain, and a protein?

Answer 48

amino acids are linked together by a polypeptide chain which makes a protein

Question 49

What does it mean when a protein is denatured?

Answer 49

changing of the protein

Question 50

How might a protein be denatured?

Answer 50

changes of pH in temperature

Question 51

How does an enzyme function in the body?

Answer 51

help chemical reactions happen quicker than a chemical reactions normally would

Question 52

Why is it a problem if an enzyme becomes denatured?

Answer 52

because it is unable to function because of the changes

Question 53

What are two factors that might effect the functioning of an enzyme?

Answer 53

temperature and pH levels