Biology: A Tour of the Cell Study Guide

Question 1

Prokaryotic cell

Answer 1

example bacteria, no nucellus, no organelles except ribosomes, little complexity, very small

Question 2

Eukaryotic cell

Answer 2

example plant or animal, nucleus, contains organelles, more complexity and specializations due to organelles, larger

Question 3

Light Microscope

Answer 3

View live specimens 1000X

Question 4

Scanning Electron Microscope(SEM)

Answer 4

allows you to see outer surface of specimen, 50,000-100,000X

Question 5

Transmission Electron Microscope(TEM)

Answer 5

allows your o view inside of specimen, 50,000-100,000X

Question 6

Cell Wall

Answer 6

strong wall outside plasma membrane, protects plant cell and keeps its shape

Question 7

Cell(plasma) membrane

Answer 7

made of phospholipid bilayer, surround, controls what goes in and out of the cell

Question 8

Nucleus

Answer 8

surrounded by membrane and contains DNA and nucleolus, holds genetic material in form of DNA

Question 9

Cytoplasm

Answer 9

region of cell between nucleus and plasma membrane, has various organelles suspended in fluid

Question 10

Organelle

Answer 10

any of a number of organized or specialized structures within a living cell

Question 11

Phospholipid Bilayer

Answer 11

two layers of phospholipid, hydrophilic head faces outside of membrane but hydrophobic tails stay in middle

Question 12

Semi-Permeable

Answer 12

certain things can go through membrane

Question 13

Membrane Protein

Answer 13

A protein that is attached to or associated with a membrane

Question 14

Diffusion

Answer 14

materials move from high to low concentration to reach equilibrium

Question 15

Equilibrium

Answer 15

same concentration on both sides of membrane

Question 16

Passive Transport

Answer 16

requires no energy, materials move through membrane passively

Question 17

Facilitated Diffusion

Answer 17

movement of larger molecules through a protein channel into cell. Does not require energy because materials move from high to low concentration

Question 18

Osmosis

Answer 18

the tendency of a fluid, usually water, to pass through a semipermeable membrane into a solution where the solvent concentration is higher, thus equalizing the concentrations of materials on either side of the membrane

Question 19

Hypertonic

Answer 19

a solution which contains more solvent than solute

Question 20

Hypotonic

Answer 20

a solution which contains more solute than solvent

Question 21

Isotonic

Answer 21

a solution in which the solute and solvent are equally distributed–a cell normally wants to remain in an isotonic solution, where the concentration of the liquid inside of it equals the concentration of the liquid outside of it

Question 22

Active Transport

Answer 22

requires energy to work. Energy comes from molecule called ATP

Question 23

Concentration Gradient

Answer 23

the gradual difference in concentration of a dissolved substance in a solution between a region of high density and one of lower density

Question 24

Exocytosis

Answer 24

When materials are egested(IN)(waste) or secreted(OUT)(useful particles). The vacuole or vesicle will fuse with the membrane, releasing its contents to the outside of the cell

Question 25

Endocytosis

Answer 25

When materials are ingested(IN). The cell membrane forms a pocket around the food particle. This pocket turns into a food vacuole

Question 26

Nucleolus

Answer 26

ball like mass of fibers and granules, contains ribosomes

Question 27

Vacuole

Answer 27

membrane bound sac, stores and provides structure for plants. IN BOTH CELLS

Question 28

ER

Answer 28

Transporting and sometimes modifying proteins and lipids

Question 29

Smooth ER

Answer 29

Enzymes, build lipid molecules

Question 30

Rough ER

Answer 30

has ribosomes, packages proteins made by ribosomes

Question 31

Golgi Body

Answer 31

series of flatten sacs/tubes, modifies stores routes proteins and other chemical proteins to destination

Question 32

Vesicle

Answer 32

small sac

Question 33

Lysosome

Answer 33

membrane bound sacs, digestive enzymes that break down proteins nucleic acids and polysaccurides

Question 34

Mitochondria

Answer 34

cellular organelle, where cellular respiration occurs

Question 35

Chlorplast

Answer 35

organelle found in plant cell that green and contains chlorophyll, photosynthesis occurs there

Question 36

Cytoskeleton

Answer 36

a microscopic network of protein filaments and tubules in the cytoplasm of many living cells, giving them shape and coherence

Question 37

Microfilament

Answer 37

narrow tubelike cell structure composed of a protein similar to actin, occurring singly and in bundles, involved in cytoplasmic movement and changes in cell shape

Question 38

Microtubule

Answer 38

a hollow cylindrical structure in the cytoplasm of most cells, involved in intracellular shape and transport

Question 39

Cilia

Answer 39

hair like, cause movement

Question 40

Flagella

Answer 40

help move

Question 41

Explain the three parts of the cell theory

Answer 41

• all living things are made up of cells
• the cell is basic unit of structure and function
• reproduces like cells from preexisting cells