Biology: Meiosis and Genetics

Question 1

Meiosis

Answer 1

type of cell division that produces four cells, each with half as many chromosomes as the parent cell

Question 2

Karyotype

Answer 2

display of a person 46 chromosomes

Question 3

Homologous Chromosomes

Answer 3

each of the matching pair of chromosomes, one inherited from each parent

Question 4

Sex Chromosome

Answer 4

one of two chromosome sod the 23rd pair of human chromosomes, which determine an individuals gender

Question 5

Diploid

Answer 5

(2n) having two homologous sets of chromosomes

Question 6

Gametes

Answer 6

egg or sperm cell that contains single set of chromosomes, one from each homologous pair

Question 7

Haploid

Answer 7

(n) having a single set of chromosomes

Question 8

Fertilization

Answer 8

the fusion of the nuclei and cytoplasm of a haploid sperm cell and a haploid egg cell, forming a diploid zygote

Question 9

Zygote

Answer 9

diploid cell formed when nucleus of a haploid sperm cell fuses with the nucleus of a haploid egg cell

Question 10

Tetrad

Answer 10

group of four chromatids formed during prophase I of meiosis by the two sister chromatids in each of the two homologous chromosomes

Question 11

Crossing Over

Answer 11

exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis

Question 12

Genetic Recombination

Answer 12

new combination of genetic information in a gamete as a result of crossing over during prophase I of meiosis

Question 13

Meiosis I

Answer 13

splitting the homologous chromosomes

Question 14

Prophase I

Answer 14

same as mitosis, homologous chromosomes are going ton pair up and connect making tetrads, crossing over

Question 15

Metaphase I

Answer 15

Tetrads are going to line up in the middle

Question 16

Anaphase I

Answer 16

Homologous chromosomes are separated and pulled to opposite ends of the cell by the spindle

Question 17

Telophase I and Cytokinesis

Answer 17

same as mitosis, two haploid cells are formed, chromosomes are still duplicated

Question 18

Meiosis II

Answer 18

splitting sister chromatids

Question 19

Prophase II

Answer 19

same as mitosis

Question 20

Metaphase II

Answer 20

chromosomes line up in the center of the cell

Question 21

Anaphase II

Answer 21

sister chromatids separate

Question 22

Genetics

Answer 22

study of heredity

Question 23

Cross Fertilization

Answer 23

process by which sperm from one flowers pollen fertilizes the eggs in a flower of a different plant

Question 24

Hybrid

Answer 24

offspring of two different true breeding varieties

Question 25

Monohybrid Cross

Answer 25

mating two organisms that differ in only one character

Question 26

Allele

Answer 26

alternate form of a gene

Question 27

Homozygous

Answer 27

having identical alleles for a gene

Question 28

Heterozygous

Answer 28

having different alleles for a gene

Question 29

Dominant

Answer 29

descriptive of an allele in a heterozygous individual that appears to be the only one affecting a trait

Question 30

Recessive

Answer 30

descriptive of an allele in a heterozygous individual that does not appear to affect the trait

Question 31

Punnett Square

Answer 31

diagram showing the probability of the possible outcomes of a genetic cross

Question 32

Phenotype

Answer 32

observable traits of an organism

Question 33

Genotypes

Answer 33

genetic makeup of an organism; an organisms combination of alleles

Question 34

Testcross

Answer 34

mating of an individual of unknown genotype but dominant phenotype with a homozygous recessive individual

Question 35

Dihybrid Cross

Answer 35

mating of two organisms that differ in two characters

Question 36

Incomplete Dominance

Answer 36

when the heterozygous genotype has a phenotype is a mix of the two parents phenotypes

Question 37

Codominance

Answer 37

inheritance pattern in which a heterozygote expresses the distinct traits of both alleles

Question 38

Polygenic Inheritance

Answer 38

combined effect of two or more genes on a single character

Question 39

Principle of Independent Assortment

Answer 39

alleles for different traits are passed on seperately

Question 40

Genetic Linkage

Answer 40

tendency for alleles of genes on the same chromosome to be inherite together

Question 41

Sex-Linked Gene

Answer 41

gene located on a sex chromosome

Question 42

Principle of Segregation

Answer 42

During the production of gametes the two copies of each heredity factor segregate so that offspring acquire one factor from each parent.

Question 43

Blending Hypothesis

Answer 43

An individuals phenotype is the result of the blending of the phenotypes of its parents.

Question 44

Particulate inheritance

Answer 44

Characteristics can be passed from generation to generation through genes.