History (Ch - 8 The Reformation) Flashcards
THE CAUSES
For a thousand years, the ______________ Church was the only Church in ________________________. In that time it had changed very much. By the late Middle Ages it had often become more interested in ____________ and ___________ than in ___________. Some scholars were unhappy about this. Then came the ________________ with the _________ of __________. This made people want _______________________________.
Catholic Church, Western Europe, power, politics, religion, Renaissance, rebirth of learning, a change in other parts of their lives
What was the Reformation
In the 16th century, the Church broke into two parts - a Catholic Church and a Protestant Church. This change is called the Reformation.
(small diagram)
Church
16th century
/ \
/ \
/ \
(1) Catholic (2) Protestant
What are the causes of the Reformation
There 5 causes of the Reformation.
The Bad State of the Catholic Church
There were some people in the Church who did not behave very well. Some bishops often thought about money and power more than religion. Some priests, monks and nuns behaved very badly as well.
Church taxes
Everyone in Europe had to give a small part of all they grew or made to support the priests. Every country had to send many different taxes to the Pope. These were often used to build great churches and tombs for the popes and bishops. People felt that they could utilise/spend the money more efficiently in their own country,
The kings and the Pope
Many of the kings of Europe did not like having the Pope “above” them. They wanted to be the only rulers in their own countries. They did not like the Church owning so much of their land either
(around one third of the land in all of Europe belonged to the Catholic Church)
The rebirth of learning
Renaissance scholars found out/realised that some things were the opposite of what the Church taught. The astronomer Copernicus discovered that the Earth and the planets went around the sun. However, the church taught the opposite.
Pardons
The last reason as to why the Reformation began was the sale of pardons. The Church sold pieces of paper which said people’s sins had been forgiven. If they paid enough money they could get a paper which said they would go straight to Heaven after death. In the 16th century, people started to think this was wrong.
Thus, these were the reasons as to why the Church broke up and caused the Reformation.
The Reformation began in __________ in ________. A ________________, Martin Luther, wanted the ______________ to get rid of some bad things. He wrote down ________ things which he felt were wrong with the Church. He pinned the notice to the ______________________________ in _______________. The scholars at the university there used the door as a kind of ________________.
Germany, 1517, German monk, Catholic Church, 95, door of his church, Wittenburg, notice-board
What did Martin Luther believe in
Luther believed that the Bible was the most important thing in religion and that priests were not really necessary.
But at this time the Bible was written in Latin. Only the priests and scholars could understand it. So, Luther translated the Bible into German so that ordinary people could read and understand it.
How did the Church react to this
All of this made the Pope and the Church leaders angry. They thought that if people followed Luther’s ideas they would go to hell. They also knew that his ideas would take away much of the Church’s power and money.
The Pope ordered Luther (who was still a Catholic monk) to be punished. But Prince Frederick, ruler of the state where Luther lived, took Luther to his own castle and protected him.
A number of other German princes believed in Luther’s ideas and began to hold services in his way in his way in their states.
What is the Protestant Church and describe it
Luther always wanted to stay a Catholic but he found it difficult (due to the Church). Thus, he formed a new Church which was quite different. It protested against the Catholic ideas and was called the Protestant Church.
(1) The services were very simple and were said in the ordinary language of the country, not in Latin.
(2) The new Church was ruled by a committee of bishops and not by the Pope.
Luther’s new Protestant religion (Protestantism) soon spread to other parts of ________________________________________________.
Many of the rulers were pleased with the new religion because
(1) they did not have to obey the Pope
(2) they did not need to pay taxes to the Catholic Church
(3) They had more power in their own countries
northern Germany, Sweden, Norway, Denmark, etc.
In ________, John Calvin taught _____________________________.
He said that:
(1) There should be no stained glass, statues or decorations in churches
(2) People should live very strict lives, should not dance, gamble or wear brightly colored clothes
(3) Everyone must live as the Bible said
(4) There should be no bishops and the Church should be ruled by a committee of preachers and ordinary people
Switzerland, a very strict kind of Protestant religion
Both the Catholic and Protestant Churches were so sure that they were right and the other was wrong, that they began to __________________________. In Spain, especially, many people who would not worship in the Catholic way were _______________________.
persecute people of the other church, burned to death
