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Animal Biology > History and Principles > Flashcards

History and Principles Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the definition of behavior

A

The coordinated responses of whole living organisms to internal and/or external stimuli

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2
Q

what is ethology

A

Biological study of animal behavior ; Focus on observing behavior in natural settings and explanations based on function and adaptive purpose of behavior

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3
Q

what is comparative psychology

A

Study of animal psychology/behavior ; Focus on the discovery of divergent and common behavioral processes among species

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4
Q

who was known for studying behavioral ecology

A

John Krebs

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5
Q

what did John Krebs study

A

behavioral ecology with a focus on foraging theory

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6
Q

who was known for studying sociobiology

A

E.O. Wilson

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7
Q

what did E.O. Wilson study

A

sociobiology with a focus on social behavior of eusocial insects

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8
Q

who was known for studying cognitive ethology

A

Donald Griffin

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9
Q

what did Donald Griffin study

A

cognitive ethology with a focus on complex animal thinking

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10
Q

who was known for studying evolutionary psychology

A

David Buss

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11
Q

what did David Buss study

A

evolutionary psychology with a focus on human behavior

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12
Q

who proposed the classification of the animal kingdom

A

Aristotle

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13
Q

what did Rene Descartes contribute towards animal behavior

A

proposed mind/body dualism in which behavior of animals was based on reflexive mechanisms (unconscious awareness)

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14
Q

what did Charles Darwin contribute towards animal behavior

A

proposed that behaviors are products of natural selection and argued for the existence of a mental continuity

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15
Q

What did Aristotle suggest about animal behavior

A

Suggested that behavior may be accounted for in teleological terms (goals and functions) or thru interaction of parts (mechanisms)

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16
Q

What did George Romanes reject

A

rejected the mechanistic view of animal behavior. Argued that consciousness was widespread in the animal kingdom

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17
Q

what are phyletic affinities

A

traces the course of mental evolution with the use of classification of psychological traits

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18
Q

what is ejective inference

A

logic of inferring others have mental states based on behavior

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19
Q

what are three assumptions that go with ejective inference

A

Imagine an animal is conscious because one thinks it is by analogy ; Anthropomorphic (casting animals in human form) ; Research involved collecting anecdotes of animal behavior

20
Q

Who proposed a comprise between mechanist and vitalists

A

C. Lloyd Morgan

21
Q

What is the Clever Hans case study

A

a horse who was thought of being able to do complex math problems but would not be able to do them without certain cues from his trainer

22
Q

who was the founding father of Ethology who investigated function of behavior and devised numerous tests of animal behavior in field studies

A

niko tinbergen

23
Q

what animal was niko tinbergen known for studying

A

spacial memory in wasps

24
Q

who was the founding father of Ethology who developed theoretical models of evolution and motivation of animal behavior

A

Konrad Lorenz

25
Q

what was konard lorenz known for

A

imprinting behaviors

26
Q

who was a behaviorist that investigated operant conditioning and other forms of learning

A

B.F. Skinner

27
Q

what did B.F. Skinner study

A

schedules of reinforcement

28
Q

who was experimental psychologist that challenged concept of instinct (innate behavior) described by Lorenz, Tinbergen, and other Ethologists

A

Daniel Lehrman

29
Q

what was daniel lehrman known for studying

A

Behavioral endocrinology and reproduction in doves

30
Q

what is ontogeny

A

description of an organism’s development from DNA code to the forms of different life stages

31
Q

what is mechanism

A

description of an organism’s structure and how its mechanisms work

32
Q

what is phylogeny

A

description of the history of a species as reconstructed from its fossil precursors and DNA evidence

33
Q

what is adaptation

A

explanation for the characteristics of a species based on how they give a selective advantage

34
Q

what are the areas of biology

A

ontogeny, mechanism, phylogeny, adaptation

35
Q

what is natural selection

A

changes in morphology and behavior over generations

36
Q

what is individual learning

A

change in behavior with-in a generation and interaction with natural selection

37
Q

what is an example of natural selection

A

male crickets attracting mates and surviving predatory flies

38
Q

what is an example of individual learning

A

grasshoppers learning to associate color and taste with a certain food

39
Q

what is cultural transmission

A

changes in behavior based on social factors with-in and and over generations

40
Q

what is an example of cultural transmission

A

forging rats tasting new food

41
Q

what type of scientific approach is Skinner associated with

A

behaviorism

42
Q

what type of scientific approach is Hamilton associated with

A

inclusive fitness

43
Q

what are two theoretical approaches

A

optimal foraging theory (OFT) and drive reduction theory of motivation

44
Q

what types of empirical approaches are there

A

observational and experimental

45
Q

what did konrad lorenz speculate about the motivation to study animals

A

herding and hunter instincts

46
Q

what are herding instincts

A

Herders prefer to form close bonds and pursue keeping and breeding animals

47
Q

what are hunting instincts

A

Hunters prefer to observe natural history and interact with animals as if to out smart them

Animal Biology (15 decks)

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