5. Behavior Conservation Flashcards

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1
Q

where did behavior ecology emerge from

A

from the combination of evolutionary biology with classical ethology

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2
Q

where did behavior conservation emerge from

A

from the combination of behavioral ecology and conservation biology

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3
Q

what does conservation biology focus on

A

population level variables and not behavior

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4
Q

what are the two exceptions to the use of behavior in conservation

A

Captive breeding involved understanding of behavioral idiosyncrasy; Species reintroduction where survival depended on behavior

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5
Q

how can behavior help conservation

A

Habitat requirements of species; Reduced predation; Mating sexual selection; Reintroduction schemes; Measuring stress and health; Exploitation

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6
Q

Five reasons for application of ethology/behavioral ecology in conservation research

A

Not considered as rigorous as a subject; cultural separation between the fields; patterns of funding reinforce separation of cultural divisions; technically difficult to combine two areas of research

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7
Q

what is ontogeny

A

behavioral development

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8
Q

what are two ontological elements with direct bearing on restoration projects

A

acquiring anti-predator responses and imprinting

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9
Q

how do animals acquire anti-predator responses

A

animals are pre-exposed to predators before reintroduction

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10
Q

how does imprinting have a direct bearing on restoration projects

A

animals reared in isolation face survival challenges; filial and sexual imprinting to humans in captive species

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11
Q

what are examples of imprinting in restoration projects

A

condor chicks fed with hand puppets; whooping crane reintroduction

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12
Q

what are conceptual links between behavior and conservation

A

proximate mechanisms of behavior; hormonal effects; interference of sensory modalities

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13
Q

what are hormonal effects in conservation

A

stress hormones and reproductive hormones effects in wildlife conservation; hormonal therapies to enhance low reproductive rates in captive and wild populations

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14
Q

what is interference of sensory modalities in conservation

A

environmental pollution detrimental to migration and orientation

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15
Q

what are examples of interference of sensory modalities

A

phototaxis in hatching sea turtles ensures orientation toward water, but artificial lighting interferes with behavioral process

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16
Q

why is the design of the wildlife reserve important

A

it affects the survival of the species

17
Q

what are the three criteria for how behavior apply to conservation

A

How behavior varies in response to social or environmental factors; How this variation changes the way a population responds to exploitation or restoration projects; How management alters the conservation program as a consequence

18
Q

what are the three classes of impediment between behavior and conservation

A

conceptual; social problems; institutional problems

19
Q

what is the conceptual impediment between behavior and conservation

A

Differential emphasis on individual vs. population variables; Many interesting behavior have little impact on species survival

20
Q

what is the social problems impediment between behavior and conservation

A

Conservationist view behavioral approaches as time consuming and difficult for the rapid needs involved in conservation; Interest in behavioral approaches to conservation is higher in students than faculty that all too often fail to bridge the gap between disciplines; Few intellectually rich areas have developed, few well-worked studies have been published

21
Q

what is the institutional problems impediment between behavior and conservation

A

Separate cultures of sciences; Lack of interaction in professional settings; Distinct sources of funding for behavior and conservation

22
Q

what is an emerging sub-discipline in social science that is concerned with human/nature interactions

A

Conservation psychology

23
Q

what are the four research findings that illustrate the challenges of changing human behavior

A

education does not typically result in increases in conservation behavior; human thinking is biased and promotes short-sighted responses to environmental threats; individuals generally perceive themselves as separate from nature; social norms guide behavior

24
Q

what are the strongest barriers to integration of the social sciences in conservation biology

A

the lack of common vocabulary between biologists and social scientists; the fact that traditional academic reward systems discourage interdisciplinary collaboration and applied problem solving;
the lack of funding for collaborative work; limited opportunities for interdisciplinary collaboration