History And ER Flashcards
Who is credited for the invention of the compound microscope?
Dutch spectacle maker Zachariah Janssen in 1590
Who improved the microscope
Galilei in 1610
1611-28 Scheiner (baso modern day microscope)
Who was Robert Hooke and what did he discover
Used microscope to discover first cells
Looked at a piece of cork + saw tiny rows of boxes. reminded him of the cells which monks lived in the monastery
Who invented cell theory. What does it dictate
Schleiden and Schwann 1839
- life exists only in the form of cells (cells basic unit of life)
- each cell derived from another cerll
- theres a connection between cell structure and function
Definition of embyology
Science abt the development of the embryo
embryogenesis-general embryology
organogenesis-special embyology
What did scientists think how embryos were developed before improvement of microscopes
grew from a mini version of their fully developed selves
when in reality embryo went through a series of stages
What did Watson and Crick discover
1953 DNA helical structure
Key membrane bound organelles
RER
SER
Golgi
lysosomes
peroxisomes
secretory vesicles
mitochondria
Difference between RER and SER
RER- Production of proteins for secretion, membrane associated proteins and proteins of membranous organelles
SER- synthesis of lipids, phosolipids and steroids. Detoxification of harmful molecules eg alcohol. Controls release of Ca2+(for response to stimuli). Glycogen metabolism
What is the structure of the endoplasmic reticulum
interconnected network of membrane enclosed sacs called CISTERNAE
Difference in structure of SER and RER
RER: flattened cisternae with membrane thats continuous with outer membrane of nuclear envelope. Has polyribosomes
SER: tubular cisternae with interconnected channels of various shapes. No polyribosomes
What helps fold proteins
Chaperone proteins eg disulphide isomerase and ERp29
only correct folded proteins transported to golgi otherwise undergo degradation
free polyribosomes vs bound polyribosomes
free:
* synthesize cytosolic and cytoskeletal proteins
- proteins imported to nucleus, mitochondria and peroxisomes
bound:
* synthesizes enzymes for lysosomes
* for secretion from cell
* proteins for the membranes
What is annular lamellae
stacks of flat cisternae
numerous pore complexes
extensions of RER cisternae and intermediate stage between ER and nuclear envelope
can be found in oocytes and spermatoozoa
What are the 4 basic tissue types
epithelial
connective
muscular
nervous
tissues made from morphologically similar cells and molecules from extracellular matrix
