History 2 Flashcards
Charcot
Approved the clinical anatomical method and the idea emerges tthat language could be regarded as a set of functions
Wernicke
Claimed a separate centre for recognition of word pictures: comprehension. Believing the brain was an instrument that converted sensory stimuli into motor reactions.
Locke
Empiricist, believed in the blank slate view (nothing is innate)
Hughlings Jackson
Fist who said that leasion in an area should not be confused with place of function, more with specific deficit.
Holism
Critical of localisation idea. Monakow believed in coherence of NS. Problem with afasia. Goldstein: abstract attitude, healthy functioning is essential to reflect on the stimuli. Later they got called The diagram makers and got cancelled
Luria
2nd world war, all the lesions brought a lot of neuro knowledge. Researched all the mentioned theories and saw the brain as one, complex functional system that develop during development with nature and nuture. Flexible and adaptive.
Three classifications of Luria
- Three continually interacting functional units, related to the sub cortical, posterior and anterior brain areas (activation, input and output respectively)
- Three hierarchically organised levels of processing, related to primary, secondary and tertiary zones in the brain
- Behaviour that is or is not regulated by language processes, related to the left and right hemisphere, respectively
Three units
- Alertness and attention: Brainstem, diencephalon and medial cerebrum
- Cognitive info processing: central fissure, posterior areas of the lateral cortex
- Organisation of behaviour: Motor, premotor and prefrontal cortex
Believed inner speech regulating all functions, belief in dominance of left hemisphere
Test battery
Franz (perception memory and language) and Halstead (effect on intelligence though tests) focused on brain injuries and developed the Halstead-Reitan neurpsychological testbettary
Geschwind
Worked with work of Wernicke, looked for double dissociation
Sperry
Split brain surgery for severe epilepsy. Let to left brain dominance to transform the left specialisation and discovery of new research method to investigate localisation of function
Benton
Worked with aphasia and cognitive disorders, developed neuropsychological tests. Aphasionpatients (language)
Modules
Innate ability to acquire language without awareness or control (Fodor)
- Can only process certain info (it’s domain specific)
- Is innate (has innateness)
- Carries out its work regardless of what other precesses are occurring (encapsulated)
- Computationally autonomous and has its own neural architecture. (fixed neural architecture) Module does not share attention capacity, memory process of other things with other modules
Boxology
Sub-processes in the form of boxes are connected by lines/arrows. Trying to test how the processes take place to be able to predict response.
Agnosia
Stoornis in het herkennen van objecten. Warrington. Model voor objectherkenning. Serial processingPDP and neural networks