Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy > Histology (tissues) > Flashcards

Histology (tissues) Flashcards

1
Q

histology

A

the study of tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

tissues

A

a group of cells with similar structure and function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

4 major tissues

A

epithelial
connective
muscle
nervous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

cell junctions

A

in some tissues

  • points of contact b/w adjacent cells- seen in epithelial tissue, some nervous and muscle cells
  • formed by cell membrane proteins
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

types of cell junctions

A

tight
anchoring
gap

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

tight junctions

A

are a partial fusion of specific proteins on the lateral surface of the cell membrane

  • form ring-like right seal
  • prevents material from passing b/w cells eg. bacteria, proteins, sometimes fluid or ions (depending on the tissue)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

anchoring junctions

A

eg. desmosomes

- protiens that fasten cells to each other and or extracellular material (“rivets” cells together)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Gap junctions

A

open channels (formed by proteins) through the adjacent cell membranes interconnecting the cytosols of the cells

  • allows ions/small molecules to pass from on cell to another
  • tissues can then work as a unit:
  • important in cardiac and smooth muscle (allows synchronization of contractions)
  • also found in epithelial tissue
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

epithelial tissue

A

lining tissue

  • covers body surface
  • lines body/organ cavities
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

organ cavity

A

lumen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

classification of epithelia

A
  • most subtypes are classified and named according to:
    1. number of cell layers sitting on the basement membrane
  • one layer=simple
  • more than one layer = stratified
    2. shape of the ells in the apical layer (=layer touching the free surface)
  • flattened=squamous
  • round or cube shaped=cuboidal
  • rectangular=columnar
    1. simple epithelia
    2. stratified epithelia
    3. pseudo-stratified epithelia
    4. transitional epithelia
    5. glandular epithelium
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

simple epithelia

A

1 layer

  • allow exchange of molecules (gasses, nutrients)- absorption/secretion
  • 3 subtypes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

simple squamous

A

1 layer of squished flat cells

eg. lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

simple cuboidal

A

1 layer of cube shaped cells

eg. kidneys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

simple columnar

A

1 layer of column shaped tall and thing cells

eg stomach, small intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

stratified epithelia

A

> 1 layer
-protective (areas of abrasion)
3 subtypes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

stratified squamous

A

apical cells squished flat

eg. skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

stratified cuboidal

A

apical cells cube shaped

- rare

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

stratified columnar

A

apical cells column shaped

-rare

20
Q

pseudostratified epithelia

A 
appears stratified (nuclei at diff levels) but all cells sit on basement membrane (=simple)
eg. lines most of respiratory tract and ciliated
21
Q

transitional epithelia

A

cell shape and layering varies with stretching

  • only in inner lining of urinary system
  • cuboidal to squamous when stretched
22
Q

glandular epithelium

A

-if the epithelial cells from a gland, the cell layer/cell shape classification is not longer used
-for secretion
-subtypes :
exocrine and endocrine glands

23
Q

exocrine glands

A
  • secret products onto body surface or into a body cavity
  • can be unicellular eg. goblet cells
  • can be multicellular
  • consists of secretory and duct cells (ducts connect secretions to surface or cavity)
    eg. glands: sudoriferous (sweat), sebaceous (oil), mammary, digestive
24
Q

endocrine glands

A

no ducts
secretions (hormones) directly into the blood
eg. thyroid gland secretes thyroid hormone

25
Q

epithelia functions

A 
1. protection
(often stratified squamous)
eg. epidermis of skin
2. secretion
(glandular epithelium)
eg. thyroid, sweat glands
3. control and permeability
(typically simple epithelia, exchange of material)
eg. kidney, intestine, capillaries
26
Q

Connective tissue CT

A

mainly supports and connects tissues
-cells far apart, separated by extracellular matrix
(extracellular material gives CT subtypes their identifying characteristics)
-variable vascularity

27
Q

CT Cell types

A 
cell names ending in:
-blast-create matrix
eg. osteoblast, chondroblast, fibroblast
-Cyte- maintain matrix
eg. osteocyte, chondrocyte,fibrocyte
-clast- break down matrix
eg osteoclast
28
Q

matrix composition

A

fibres
ground substance
water

29
Q

fibres

A

proteins

  • collagen fibres (for strength)
  • elastic fibres (containing elastin)- allow stretch and recoil)
  • reticular fibres (from networks- eg. CT part of basement membrane)
30
Q

ground substance

A
  • unstructured material surrounding the extracellular fibre and cells
  • composed of
    a) instertial fluid (ISF)
    b) proteoglycans
31
Q

ISF

instertial fluid

A

part of blood plasma that leaks out of capillaries and surrounds cells

32
Q

proteoglycans

A

-proteins and carbohydrate molecule

33
Q

CT classification

A

CT proper
cartilage
bone
blood

34
Q

CT proper

A

cells= fibroblasts/fibrocytes except adipose tissue (adipocytes)
types are loose or dense

35
Q

loose CT

A

areolar CT or Adipose CT

36
Q

areolar CT

A
  • loosely arranged collagen and elastin fibres surrounded by ground substance (hyaluronic acid)
  • higly vascular
    eg. lamina propria
37
Q

adipose CT

A
  • verly little matrix
  • cells large (adipocytes), store triglycerides-tissue looks like chicken wire
  • highly vascular
38
Q

Dense CT

A

-many fibres (aka fibrous CT)
-liggle groups substance
non-vascular
2 types:
reuglar and irregular

39
Q

dense regular CT

A
  • collagen fibres running in the same direction

- eg. tendons, ligaments

40
Q

dense irregular CT

A

-collagen fivres arranged irregularly

eg dermis of skin

41
Q

Bone

A

cells=osteocytes (in lacunae), osteoblasts, and osteoclasts

  • matrix:
  • fibres=collagen
  • ground substance = hydroxyapatite (inorganic Ca++ and phasphate salts)
  • water
  • very vascular
42
Q

cartilage

A

cells= chondrocytes (cells located in lacunae=cavities in the matrix) and chondroblasts

  • matrix:
  • fibres=collagen and elastin
  • ground stubstance =chondroitin sulphate, hyaluronic acid
  • water
  • avascular-heals slowly
  • eg hyaline cartilage of trachea, ribs, ends of long bones
43
Q

bone

A

cells=red blood cells and white blood cells

-matrix (fluid)= plasma (contains fibre proteins, ground substance, water)

44
Q

muscle tissue

A

-contractile
-subtypes:
skelatal (striated)
cardiac (striated)
smooth (non-striated)

45
Q

nervous tissue

A

conducts electrical impulses (neurons) or supports and protects neurons ( glial cells)

Anatomy (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions