2. lymphatic system

Question 1

lymphatic system overview

Answer 1

• lymph vessels and organs
• t and b lymphocytes
• protect body against bacteria, viruses,cancer cells

Question 2

major extracellular fluids

Answer 2

• blood plasma
• ISF (interstitial fluid)
• Lymph

Question 3

blood plasma

Answer 3

fluid in blood

Question 4

ISF (interstitial fluid)

Answer 4

bathes cells (except blood cells)

• formed by capillaries leaking plasma
• 90% re-enters blood in capillaries and venules
• 10% into lymphatic circulation (now called lymph)

Question 5

lymph

Answer 5

inside lymphatic vessels

• enters lymphatic capillaries (closed ended vessels)
• lymphatic capillaries connect to lymphatic collecting vessels (have valves)
• lymph nodes along vessels filter lymph (bacteria, debris)

Question 6

lymphatic circulation

Answer 6

one way route back to blood:

• lymphatic capillaries
• lymphatic collecting vessels (with valves)
• lymphatic ducts
• subclavian veins

Question 7

lymphatic capillaries transport lymph fluid away from tissues to:

Answer 7

1. right lymphatic duct (lymph from right head, chest, and arm)
   * drains into right subclavian vein reentering circulation
2. thoracic duct (lymph from below ribs and left body)
   * collecting vessels from below the ribs converge to an enlarged lymph vessel=cisterna chyli (the beginning of the thoracic duct)
   * thoracic duct drains into L. subclavian vein reentering blood circ.

Question 8

lymphatic tissues and organs

Answer 8

1. primary lymphatic organs and tissues

2. secondary lymphatic organs and tissues

Question 9

primary lymphatic organs and tissues

Answer 9

• red bone marrow

- thymus gland

Question 10

red bone marrow

Answer 10

• lymphocytes arise here

- B lymphocytes mature and proliferate (mitosis) here

Question 11

thymus gland

Answer 11

-T lymphocytes mature and proliferate (mitosis) here

Question 12

secondary lymphatic organs and tissues

Answer 12

where lymphocytes proliferate

1. lymph nodes
2. spleen
3. mucosal associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)

Question 13

lymph nodes

Answer 13

locations:

cervical, axillary (armpit), inguinal (groin), intestinal, pelvic

Question 14

spleen

Answer 14

filters blood:

eg removes bacteria

Question 15

MALT

Answer 15

eg. tonsils, appendix, lymphoid tissues on mucous membranes
tonsils:
adenoids=pharyngeal (1)- nasopharynx
palatine (2)-in oropharynx - commonly removed
lingual (1) - base of posterior part of tongue