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Anatomy > 2. Integumentary system > Flashcards

2. Integumentary system Flashcards

1
Q

the integumentary system consists of

A

skin
hair,nails,glands
sense receptors (nervous)
muscles

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2
Q

Skin has two layers:

A

epidermis -upper layer

dermis - lower layer

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3
Q

hypodermis

A

below skin

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4
Q

epidermis subtype

A

stratified squamous epithelium (from ectoderm)

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5
Q

is the epidermis vascular?

A

it is avascular

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6
Q

the epidermis is separated into 4-5 strata (sublayers) based on cell types:

A

-stratum basale
-stratum spinosum
-statrum granulosum
-stratum lucidum
-stratum corneum
(bad students get low Cs)

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7
Q

stratum basal

A
  • single row of cells

- 2 cell types: keratinocytes (90%) and melanocytes (10%)

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8
Q

keratinocytes

A

undergo mitosis
make keratin (tough protein)
migrate to surface as new cells produced in basale

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9
Q

melanocytes

A
  • produce pigment (melanin) for UV light protection
    (eg. sunburns, wrinkles (collagen damage), cancer (DNA damage)
  • skin colour:
  • we all ave the same relative number of melanocytes, but cells produce different amounts/shades of melanin
  • albinos=no melanin
  • blood (hemoglobin) - in dermis can give a pinkish tinge to fair skinned people
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10
Q

stratum spinosum

A

limited cell division

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11
Q

stratum ganulosum

A

contains dark staining granules

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12
Q

stratum lucidum

A
  • flat, dead cells (too far from blood supply)

- visible only in thick skin

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13
Q

stratum corneum

A
  • 20-30 layers of flat dead cells filled with keratin (tough protein), surrounded by waterproofing glycolipid (prevents water loss)
  • shed and replaced from below
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14
Q

dermis

A
  • contains blood vessels, nerves, glands, hair follicles
  • 2 sublayers (CT- from mesoderm):
  • papillary layer
  • reticular layer
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15
Q

papillary layer

A

beneath epidermis
areolar CT
vascular
has projection into epidermis = dermal papillae
*in thick skin these form dermal ridges=fingerprints (improve grip)

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16
Q

reticular layer

A
  • most of dermis

- dense irregular CT

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17
Q

hypodermis

A

not part of skin
-subcutaneous layer
-superficial fascia
(fascia= CT layers that surround and support organs)
-adipose CT below skin
(stores 1/2 of body’s adipose tissue (insulation)

18
Q

thin vs thick skin

A

refers to epidermis (not dermis)

19
Q

thin skin

A
  • lucidum not apparent

- has hair follicles, sebaceous glands, arrector pili muscles

20
Q

thick skin

A
  • found on the palm of the hand and the sole of the foot
  • lucidum visible
  • no hair follicles, sebaceous glands, or arrector pilli muscles
21
Q

epidermal derivatives

A
  • all derived (formed) from the epidermis

- includes: hair, nails, skin exocrine glands,

22
Q

hair

A
  • all dead cells

- parts: root, shaft, hair follicle

23
Q

hair root

A

dead cells below the surface of the skin

24
Q

hair shaft

A

above the skin surface

25
Q

hair follicle

A

surrounds root

  • epithelial root sheath= several epidermal layers extend into dermis
  • bulb= expanded region at base of root
  • matrix=single layer of cells (derived from basale cells) - site of hair growth and melanin for hair colour
26
Q

associated with each hair follicle (5)

A
  • outer CT sheath
  • hair papilla
  • root hair plexus
  • sebaceous (oil gland)
  • arrector pilli muscle (smooth muscle)
27
Q

outer CT sheath

A

holds follicle in place (formed from the dermis)

28
Q

hair papilla

A

extends upward beneath matrix

  • contains blood supply for growing hair
  • formed from dermis
29
Q

root hair plexus

A

free nerve ending (touch)

30
Q

sebaceous (oil) gland

A

open into follicle

31
Q

arrector pili muscle

A

smooth muscle

-causes goosebumps

32
Q

nails

A

very heavily keratinized epidermal cells

-consists of : nail root (buried in skin), body (visible portion), free edge

33
Q

skin exocrine glands

A
  • sebaceous glands
  • sudoriferous glands
  • ceruminous glands
  • mammary glands
34
Q

sebaceous glands

A
  • connected mainly to hair follicles
  • secretes sebum (oily-mix of fats, salts, proteins)
  • softens, lubricates hair and skin, prevents drying out, antibiotic
35
Q

sudoriferous glands

A
  • sweat glands
  • secretory portions in dermis of thick and thin skin
  • ducts open onto skin surface
  • act to: cool the body, antibiotic (acidic), remove wastes (urea)
36
Q

ceruminous glands

A
  • modified sweat glands
  • in ear canal
  • produce ear wax- prevents insects etc. from entering
37
Q

mammary glands

A

produce milk

modified sweat glands

38
Q

cutaneous sense receptors

A
  • receptor= sensory neuron (part of NS)
  • specialized cell that responds to stimuli (touch, temp, pain)
  • 4 major types : touch receptors, pressure receptors, thermoreceptors, nociceptors
39
Q

touch receptors

A

-free nerve endings (in epidermis)
-root hair plexuses
-meissner’s corpuscles ( in dermal papillae,)
corpuscle = connective tissue capsule surrounding nerve ending

40
Q

pressure receptors

A
  • free nerve endings (in dermis)

- pacinian corpuscles (deep in dermis or hypodermis)

41
Q

thermoreceptors

A

free nerve endings for temperature

42
Q

nociceptors

A
  • free nerve endings for pain

- 3rd degree burns-no pain b/c nociceptors destroyed

Anatomy (14 decks)

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