Histology Of The Female Reproductive Tract

Question 1

Where are the ovaries found

Answer 1

They ate found of either side of the uterus close to the lateral pelvis wall

Question 2

What are the ovaries attached to and by what

Answer 2

They are attached to the broad ligament by the mesocarp
To the uterus by the utero-ovarian ligament
To the pelvic wall by the suspensory ligament

Question 3

What makes up the ovary

Answer 3

The ovarian Cortex
The ovarian medulla

Question 4

What makes up the ovarian cortex

Answer 4

Spindle stromatolites cells
Ovarian follicles
Some leutinised cells

Question 5

What makes up the ovarian medulla

Answer 5

Loose fibroelastic tissue
Blood vessels
Lymphatics
Nerve

Question 6

Where are primordial follicles located

Answer 6

In the periphery of the cortex

Question 7

What do primordial follicles contain

Answer 7

They contain primary oocytes in a resting state

Question 8

What are primordial follicles surrounded by

Answer 8

Single layer of epithelial cells

Question 9

What stimulates follicular development

Answer 9

FSH from the anterior pituitary

Question 10

When FSH is detected what happens to the primordial follicle

Answer 10

The oocytes enlarges and the follicular epithelial cells proliferate
Stromal cells become organised into connective tissue and the Zona pellucid a forms directly around the oocytes

Question 11

What is present in a secondary follicle

Answer 11

An antrum - space filled with follicular fluid
Oocyte is supported by a stalk of granulosa cells
Connective tissue differentiates into the inner theca interna and outer theca externa

Question 12

What are mature follicles known as

Answer 12

Graafian follicles

Question 13

What are characteristics of mature follicles

Answer 13

Ovum is surrounded by a thick Zona pellucida
Layer of granulosa cells around the oocyte known as corona radiata
Has basal lamina
Theca interna and externa

Question 14

How many primordial follicles are present at birth

Answer 14

400,000

Question 15

How many of the primordial follicles present at birth actually mature

Answer 15

Approx 400

Question 16

What does a follicle become

Answer 16

A corpus luteum

Question 17

What does a corpus luteum do

Answer 17

They secrete progesterone and oestrogen

Question 18

What happens to a corpus luteum if pregnancy does not occur

Answer 18

They regress

Question 19

How many days after ovulation does regression of the corpus luteum occur

Answer 19

From day 8-9 after ovulation

Question 20

What happens during regression of the corpus luteum

Answer 20

Granulosa cells decrease in size, develop a pyknotic nuclei and accumulate abnormal lipids
Cells undergo dissolution and are phagocytosed

Question 21

What is a corpus albicans

Answer 21

A well circumscribed structure with convoluted borders composed entirely of densely packed collagen and occasional follicles

Question 22

Where does the Fallopian tube run

Answer 22

Through the length of the broad ligament

Question 23

What is the function of the Fallopian tube

Answer 23

It transports the ovum to the uterus

Question 24

What occurs in the Fallopian tube

Answer 24

Fertilisation

Question 25

What are the 4 segments of the Fallopian tube

Answer 25

Intramural Isthmus Ampulla Infundibulum

Question 26

Where is the intramural located

Answer 26

Inside the uterine wall

Question 27

What shape is the infundibulum

Answer 27

Trumpet shaped opening to peritoneum which has fimbriae

Question 28

What are the 2 types of cells found in the mucosa of the Fallopian tube

Answer 28

Secretory and ciliated cells

Question 29

What are the 3 layers of the uterus

Answer 29

Endometrium Myometrium Serosa

Question 30

What are the characteristics of the endometrium

Answer 30

Deep basal layer made up of the stratum basalis Superficial functional layer made up of the stratum compactum and stratum spongiosum

Question 31

What stimulates the proliferation stage

Answer 31

Oestrogen stimulates this phase

Question 32

What stimulates the secretory phase

Answer 32

Progesterone stimulates this phase

Question 33

Characteristics of the early secretory phase

Answer 33

Sub-nuclear glycogen vacuoles

Question 34

Characteristics of the mid secretory phase

Answer 34

Vacuoles above and below the nucleus and later intraluminal secretions, glands more rounded stroma-oedema

Question 35

Characteristics of the late secretory phase

Answer 35

Elongated and saw toothed glands with more intrluminal secretions Stroma has spiral arterioles, deciduous change

Question 36

What horomone is withdrawn to stimulate the menstrual phase

Answer 36

Progesterone stimulation is withdrawn

Question 37

What is the myometrium and how many layers is it made up of

Answer 37

The myometrium is a thick muscular wall with 3 illdefined layers of smooth muscle The inner longitudinal The middle circular The outer longitudinal

Question 38

What makes up the endocervix

Answer 38

Loose fibromuscular stroma lined with simple columnar ciliated epithelium

Question 39

What makes up the ectocervix

Answer 39

Dense smooth muscle stroma lined by non-keratinised stratified squamous epithelium With squamocloumnar junctions

Question 40

What are the different layers of the vagina

Answer 40

Mucosa - lined by non-keratinising stratified squamous epithelium. Stroma contains elastic fibres and rich vascular network Muscular wall - smooth muscle cells, inner = circular, outer = longitudinal Adventitia - loose connective tissue

Question 41

What makes up the vulva

Answer 41

Mons pubis Clitoris Labia minora Labia majora Vulvar vestibule Hymen Urethral meatus Skeins gland Bartholins gland Introitus

Question 42

What tissue makes up the labia majora

Answer 42

Lined by keratinising stratified squamous epithelium and has skin adnexae

Question 43

What tissue makes up the labia minora

Answer 43

Non-keratinising stratified squamous epithelium

Question 44

What tissue is found in Bartholins gland

Answer 44

Acini lined by mucus secreting epithelium

Question 45

What tissue lines the minor vestibular glands

Answer 45

Lined by mucus secreting epithelium

Question 46

What tissue lines the skeins glands

Answer 46

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

Question 47

What tissue lines the hymen

Answer 47

Lined by non-keratinising squamous epithelium

Question 48

What makes up the clitoris

Answer 48

Erectile tissue which is rich in blood supply

Question 49

What is this showing

Answer 49

The ovary

Question 50

What are the 2 labelled sections on the image

Answer 50

The top section is the ovarian cortex The bottom section is the ovarian medulla

Question 51

What is this showing in general and what are the arrows pointing to

Answer 51

It is showing primordial follicles The first arrow = primary oocyte in resting phase The second arrow = single layer of epithelium cells

Question 52

What is this showing in general and what are the arrows pointing to

Answer 52

This is a primary follicle The first arrow = follicular epithelial cells proliferating The second arrow = the enlarged oocyte

Question 53

What is this showing

Answer 53

Secondary follicle

Question 54

What is this showing

Answer 54

Corpus albicans

Question 55

What is this showing

Answer 55

Fallopian tube

Question 56

What is this showing

Answer 56

The Fallopian tube

Question 57

What phase is this endometrium in

Answer 57

Proliferative phase

Question 58

What phase is this endometrium in

Answer 58

Secretory phase

Question 59

What phase is this endometrium in

Answer 59

Menstrual phase

Question 60

What is this showing

Answer 60

Myometrium

Question 61

What is this showing

Answer 61

Endocervix

Question 62

What is this showing

Answer 62

Ectocervix

Question 63

What is this showing in general and what are the arrows showing

Answer 63

The vagina The first arrow = mucosa The second arrow = muscular wall The third arrow = Adventitia