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Histology > Histology Of The Endocrine System > Flashcards

Histology Of The Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the common features of the endocrine system

A

Glandular epithelium
Richly vascularised
Secrete a variety of hormones
Controlled by negative and positive feedback loops

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2
Q

What is the function of the pituitary

A

Coordinates the endocrine organ through the feedback loop

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3
Q

What makes up the pituitary gland

A

Posterior and anterior pituitary

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4
Q

Where is the posterior pituitary found

A

The posterior pituitary is a downward extension of the hypothalamus

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5
Q

What tissue makes up the posterior pituitary

A

Neural tissue with axons and glial cells

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6
Q

What does the posterior pituitary store/secrete

A

Oxytocin and Antidiuretic hormone

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7
Q

What tissue makes up the anterior pituitary

A

Nested epithelial pituicytes (several different types) with a richly vascular fibrous stroma

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8
Q

What hormones does the anterior pituitary store/secrete

A

Growth hormone
Prolactin
ACTH
FSH
LH
Thyroid stimulating hormone

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9
Q

Where in the anterior pituitary would you find somatotrophs

A

Lateral wings of the anterior pituitary

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10
Q

How would you identify lactotrophs

A

They are polygonal cells with cytoplasmic processes that wrap around other cells

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11
Q

How would you identify thyrotrophs

A

Angular chromophobes with elongated cytoplasmic processes

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12
Q

How would you identify gonadotrophs

A

Scattered round oval cells

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13
Q

How would you identify corticotrophs

A

Round basophilic cells with large cytoplasmic vacuoles

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14
Q

What is the function of the pineal gland

A

Secretes melatonin

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15
Q

What makes up the pineal gland

A

Pinealocytes in rosettes

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16
Q

What is the tissue of the thyroid made up of

A

Combination of follicular cells and colloids

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17
Q

What is the function of the thyroid

A

Produces thyroxin and calcitonin

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18
Q

What makes up the parathyroid

A

4 glands in the neck

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19
Q

What cells can be found in the parathyroid

A

Chief cells
Oxyphils
Adipocytes

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20
Q

What is the function of the parathyroids

A

To produce the parathyroid hormone

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21
Q

What are the characteristics of chief cells in the parathyroid

A

Polygonal cells
Scant cytoplasm

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22
Q

What is the function of chief cells in the parathyroid

A

Raises serum Ca2+ in the bone, kidney and gut

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23
Q

What are the characteristics of oxyphil cells in the parathyroid

A

Large polygonal cells
Increase with age abundant eosinphilic cytoplasm
Finely granular

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24
Q

What makes up the endocrine pancreas

A

Islets of langerhans
Balls of cells
Thin fibrous capsule

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25
Q

What cells are found in the pancreas

A

B cells
A cells
D cells
PP cells

26
Q

What do B cells secrete

A

Insulin

27
Q

What do A cells secrete

A

Glucagon

28
Q

What do D cells secrete

A

Somatostatin

29
Q

What do PP cells secrete

A

Pancreatic polypeptide

30
Q

What are the 3 layers of the adrenal cortex

A

Zona glomerulosa
Zona fasciculata
Zona reticularis

31
Q

What type of hormones does the Zona glomerulosa secrete

A

Mineralocorticoids

32
Q

What type of hormone is secreted by the Zona fasciculata

A

Glucocorticoids

33
Q

What type of hormones are secreted by the Zona reticularis

A

Androgen steroids

34
Q

What makes up the tissue of the Zona glomerulosa

A

Thin and incomplete
Small cells
Vaculolated cytoplasm

35
Q

What is the Zona fasiculata made up of

A

It is the most prominent layer
Large polygonal cells
Clear cytoplasm

36
Q

What makes up the tissue of the Zona reticularis

A

Anastomosing columns of small polygonal cells
Inner most layers

37
Q

What hormones are secreted by the adrenal medulla

A

Adrenaline and noradrenaline

38
Q

What cells are found in the adrenal medulla

A

Chromaffin cells

39
Q

Where is this tissue from

A

Posterior pituitary

40
Q

Where is this tissue taken from

A

Anterior pituitary

41
Q

What is this showing

A

Reticulin in the anterior pituitary

42
Q

What cells can you identify here from the anterior Pituitary

A

Somatotrophs

43
Q

What cells can you identify here from the anterior Pituitary

A

Lactotrophs

44
Q

What cells can you identify here from the anterior Pituitary

A

Thyrotrophs

45
Q

What cells can you identify here from the anterior Pituitary

A

Gonadotrophs

46
Q

What cells can you identify here from the anterior Pituitary

A

Corticotrophs

47
Q

What is this X-ray indicating

A

A pituitary adenoma

48
Q

What is this showing and what stain has been used

A

Adenoma tissue
Using H&E stain

49
Q

Where is this tissue from

A

The pineal gland

50
Q

Where is this tissue taken from

A

Thyroid

51
Q

What is this showing

A

Pituitary adenoma

52
Q

What is this showing

A

Thyroid carcinoma

53
Q

Where is this tissue from and what are the cells the arrows are pointing to

A

The tissue is from the parathyroids
Arrow one = chief cells
Arrow two = oxyphil cells

54
Q

Where is this tissue from

A

The pancreas

55
Q

What is the indicated layer and where it it found

A

It is the Zona glomerulus in the adrenal cortex

56
Q

What is the indicated layer and where it it found

A

The Zona fasiculata in the adrenal cortex

57
Q

What is the indicated layer and where it it found

A

The Zona reticularis in the adrenal cortex

58
Q

What is this showing

A

An adrenal cortical adenoma

59
Q

What is this showing

A

Tissue from the adrenal medulla

60
Q

What is this showing

A

Phareochromocytoma

Histology (18 decks)

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