Histology Of The Endocrine System Flashcards
What are the common features of the endocrine system
Glandular epithelium
Richly vascularised
Secrete a variety of hormones
Controlled by negative and positive feedback loops
What is the function of the pituitary
Coordinates the endocrine organ through the feedback loop
What makes up the pituitary gland
Posterior and anterior pituitary
Where is the posterior pituitary found
The posterior pituitary is a downward extension of the hypothalamus
What tissue makes up the posterior pituitary
Neural tissue with axons and glial cells
What does the posterior pituitary store/secrete
Oxytocin and Antidiuretic hormone
What tissue makes up the anterior pituitary
Nested epithelial pituicytes (several different types) with a richly vascular fibrous stroma
What hormones does the anterior pituitary store/secrete
Growth hormone
Prolactin
ACTH
FSH
LH
Thyroid stimulating hormone
Where in the anterior pituitary would you find somatotrophs
Lateral wings of the anterior pituitary
How would you identify lactotrophs
They are polygonal cells with cytoplasmic processes that wrap around other cells
How would you identify thyrotrophs
Angular chromophobes with elongated cytoplasmic processes
How would you identify gonadotrophs
Scattered round oval cells
How would you identify corticotrophs
Round basophilic cells with large cytoplasmic vacuoles
What is the function of the pineal gland
Secretes melatonin
What makes up the pineal gland
Pinealocytes in rosettes
What is the tissue of the thyroid made up of
Combination of follicular cells and colloids
What is the function of the thyroid
Produces thyroxin and calcitonin
What makes up the parathyroid
4 glands in the neck
What cells can be found in the parathyroid
Chief cells
Oxyphils
Adipocytes
What is the function of the parathyroids
To produce the parathyroid hormone
What are the characteristics of chief cells in the parathyroid
Polygonal cells
Scant cytoplasm
What is the function of chief cells in the parathyroid
Raises serum Ca2+ in the bone, kidney and gut
What are the characteristics of oxyphil cells in the parathyroid
Large polygonal cells
Increase with age abundant eosinphilic cytoplasm
Finely granular
What makes up the endocrine pancreas
Islets of langerhans
Balls of cells
Thin fibrous capsule
What cells are found in the pancreas
B cells
A cells
D cells
PP cells
What do B cells secrete
Insulin
What do A cells secrete
Glucagon
What do D cells secrete
Somatostatin
What do PP cells secrete
Pancreatic polypeptide
What are the 3 layers of the adrenal cortex
Zona glomerulosa
Zona fasciculata
Zona reticularis
What type of hormones does the Zona glomerulosa secrete
Mineralocorticoids
What type of hormone is secreted by the Zona fasciculata
Glucocorticoids
What type of hormones are secreted by the Zona reticularis
Androgen steroids
What makes up the tissue of the Zona glomerulosa
Thin and incomplete
Small cells
Vaculolated cytoplasm
What is the Zona fasiculata made up of
It is the most prominent layer
Large polygonal cells
Clear cytoplasm
What makes up the tissue of the Zona reticularis
Anastomosing columns of small polygonal cells
Inner most layers
What hormones are secreted by the adrenal medulla
Adrenaline and noradrenaline
What cells are found in the adrenal medulla
Chromaffin cells
Where is this tissue from
Posterior pituitary
Where is this tissue taken from
Anterior pituitary
What is this showing
Reticulin in the anterior pituitary
What cells can you identify here from the anterior Pituitary
Somatotrophs
What cells can you identify here from the anterior Pituitary
Lactotrophs
What cells can you identify here from the anterior Pituitary
Thyrotrophs
What cells can you identify here from the anterior Pituitary
Gonadotrophs
What cells can you identify here from the anterior Pituitary
Corticotrophs
What is this X-ray indicating
A pituitary adenoma
What is this showing and what stain has been used
Adenoma tissue
Using H&E stain
Where is this tissue from
The pineal gland
Where is this tissue taken from
Thyroid
What is this showing
Pituitary adenoma
What is this showing
Thyroid carcinoma
Where is this tissue from and what are the cells the arrows are pointing to
The tissue is from the parathyroids
Arrow one = chief cells
Arrow two = oxyphil cells
Where is this tissue from
The pancreas
What is the indicated layer and where it it found
It is the Zona glomerulus in the adrenal cortex
What is the indicated layer and where it it found
The Zona fasiculata in the adrenal cortex
What is the indicated layer and where it it found
The Zona reticularis in the adrenal cortex
What is this showing
An adrenal cortical adenoma
What is this showing
Tissue from the adrenal medulla
What is this showing
Phareochromocytoma