Blood Vessels And Nerves Flashcards
What is the general structure of an artery
Endothelium
Intima
Media
Adventitia
External elastic lamina
Basement membrane
Internal elastic lamina
Where can elastic arteries be found
Arteries near the heart
Eg- aorta and pulmonary arteries
What type of artery are most arteries
Muscular arteries
Examples of muscular arteries
Radial artery
Splenic artery
In a muscular artery what does the media comprise of
Smooth muscle
What are arterioles
Resistance vessels
What is defined as an arteriole
Having 3 or less muscle layers in their media
What is the general structure of capillaries
Endothelium
Intima
Media
External elastic lamina
Basement membrane
Interal elastic lamina
Maybe have a pericyte attached to them
May have a fenestrated basement membrane
What are capillaries composed of
Thin walled endothelial cells with no surrounding muscle or connective tissue
Where can fenestrated capillaries be found
Kidney and liver
What is the general structure of veins
Endothelium
Intima
Media
Adventitia
Basement membrane
Internal elastic lamina
What are venules associated with
Arterioles
Characteristics of venules
Thin walled
As a venule increases in size what happens to it
A contractile pericyte wraps round the outside of the endothelial cells to form a complete layer
Characteristics of veins
Thick walled compared to venules
Thin walled compared to arteries
What are characteristics of lymphatics
Thin walled
Have valves
Do not contain blood
Contains lymph
What are peripheral nerves made up of
Axons
What are peripheral nerves supported by
Schwann cells
Where is myelin produced
Schwann cells
What is present in a myelinated peripheral nerve
Endoneurium
Perineurium
Epineurium
Where can endoneurium be found
Present between individual axons
Where can perineurium be found
Surrounds the groups of axons to form fascicles
Where can epineurium be found
Binds fascicles together to form nerve fibres
What makes up a small peripheral nerve fibre
Bundle of axons inter spread with endoneuruim surrounded by perineurium and epineurium
What is the function of myelin
Insulates axons
What are the gaps between the Schwann cells
Nodes of ranvier
What is the differences between a myelinated and unmyelinated axon
Myelinated axons are larger and transmit an impulse faster than unmyelinated ones
What are the different types of peripheral nerves
Motor neurons
Sensory neurons
Sympathetic neurons
Parasympathetic neurons
Where are motor neuron cell bodies found
In the grey matter of the spinal cord
Where are sensory neuron cell bodies found
They are found in the dorsal root ganglion
Where are sympathetic neuron cell bodies found
They are found in they grey matter of the spinal cord and in adjacent sympathetic ganglia
Where are parasympathetic neuron cell bodies found
Cell bodies are in the brain and local ganglia
How is myelin formed
Formed by Schwann cells wrapping around the axon
What is this showing
Elastic artery
What is this showing
Muscular artery
What is this showing
Capillaries
What is this showing
Venules
What is this showing
Veins
What is this showing
Lymphatics
What are the arrows pointed to
The 3 arrows are pointing to unmyelinated axons
The second arrow is pointing to a Schwann cell
The third arrow is pointing to a myelinated axon
What stain is been used here
Silver stain
What stain is been used here
H&E stain
