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M1 FMK > Histology - Muscle > Flashcards

Histology - Muscle Flashcards

1
Q

Intermediate filaments of muscle

A

Desmin replaces keratin in muscle cells

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2
Q

Satellite cells (muscle)

A

Undifferentiated myoblasts - able to regenerate muscle tissue by “satellite cell hyperplasia)

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3
Q

Transcription factor only active in satellite cells

A

PAX 7

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4
Q

Myocyte

A

Cardiac muscle cell

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5
Q

Epimysium

A

Dense irregular CT - surrounds entire muscle

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6
Q

Perimysium

A

Derived from epimysium (less dense CT) surrounds fascicle

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7
Q

Endomysium

A
  • loose CT (reticular fibers) and basal lámina surround each muscle fiber (cell)
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8
Q

Duchenne muscular dystrophy

A

Deletion mutation in dystrophin (links actin in sarcomere to the plasma membrane of striated cells

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9
Q

(-) end of actin

A

Tropomodulin - prevents depolymerization

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10
Q

(+) of actin

A

Bound to z-line by alpha-actinin (prevents polymerization)

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11
Q

Thick filaments

A

Myosin II

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12
Q

Thin filaments

A

F actin - tropomysoin + troponin

Tropomyosjn regulates binding of actin and myosin

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13
Q

Proprioception

Cellular mechanism

A

Muscle spindles and golgi tendon organs allow for this

Spindle - monitor strain/stretch
Golgi (in tendon) - monitor intensity of muscle contraction

Both can inhibit contraction if limits exceeded

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14
Q

Muscle spindles

A

Intrafusal fibers -

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15
Q

Myocytes vs. skeletal muscle

A

T-tubules are 3x diameter compared to skeletal muscle with dyads near the z-line

Secrete ANP - excrete NaCl

And BNP - longer lasting compared to ANP but 10x less concentrated

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16
Q

Myocytes vs. skeletal muscle

A

T-tubules are 3x diameter compared to skeletal muscle with dyads near the z-line

Secrete ANP - excrete NaCl

And BNP - longer lasting compared to ANP but 10x less concentrated

17
Q

Plasma serum levels of BNP >400 pg/mL

A

Indicative of heart failure

18
Q

What holds myocytes together at intercalated disk?

A

The fascia adherents

19
Q

What holds myocytes together at intercalated disk?

A

The fascia adherents

20
Q

Prevents myocytes from pulling apart during contraction

A

Desmosomes - at transverse and lateral regions

21
Q

Modified z-line in myocyte

A

Intercalated disk

22
Q

ID tissue in blue box

A

Skeletal muscle

Nuclei are predominantly located at the periphery of the cells (whereas nuclei would be centralized in cardiac muscle). Furthermore, the superior tissue is tendon.

Skeletal muscle cells are also larger in diameter than cardiac myocytes (smooth muscle cdells are the smallest in diameter)

23
Q

Pax-7 is a transcription factor known to play a role in the regulation of satellite cells in mammals. Pax-7 knockout mice might be expected to have deficits in regeneration of which tissue under experimental conditions of induced injury?

A

Skeletal muscle

24
Q

An injury that results in death of skeletal muscle cells can heal because skeletal muscle contains a population of stem cells known as:

A

Satellite cells

25
Q

Duchenne muscular dystrophy is an X-linked recessive disease caused by a mutation in the gene that codes for dystrophin. The disease gets progressively worse; it results in damage to mature muscles and is often fatal. What is the normal function of dystrophin in healthy muscle?

A

Helps to link actin to membrane proteins of the sarcolemma

26
Q

ID

A

Skeletal muscle

27
Q

ID

A

Cardiac muscle

27
Q
A

Lipofuscin - a byproduct of the breakdown and absorption of damaged blood cells “the pigment of aging”

28
Q

Muscle growth in weight lifting

A

Muscle fibers do not divide, but undergo hypertropy (increasing the myofilaments)

When muscles are injured satellite cells divide to form myotubes - then myotubes fuse to become mature muscle cells

29
Q
A

Motor end-plates (darker stain)

M1 FMK (55 decks)

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