Histology Lecture 5-Nervous Tissue Histology Flashcards
Classify the neuron based on structure:
multipolar
A name for a neuronal cell body containing the nucleus and organelles.
perikaryon
Describe dendrites:
receptive/input region
unmyelinated
branching (dendritic trees)
dendritic spines
1 neuron can have many dendrites
Describe axon:
•nerve fiber (only 1 per cell)
generates/conducts action potentials
myelinated or unmyelinated
axon terminal = terminal bouton
releases neurotransmitter
axonal transport; anterograde and
retrograde
All of these images are examples of:
neurons
Label A-Y
A.) dendrites
B.) cell body
C.) Axon collateral
D.) Axon
E.) Axoplasm
F.) Axolemma
G.) Axon terminal
H.) Synaptic end bulb
I.) initial segment
J.) Axon hillock
K.) Mitochondrion
L.) Cytoplasm
M.) Nissl bodies
N.) Nucleus of schwann cell
O.) cytoplasm of schwann cell
P.) myelin sheath
Q.) neurolemma
R.) Node of Ranvier
S.) neurofibril
T.) Neurofibril
U.) Nucleus
V.) Dendrites
W.) Cell body
X.) Neuroglia
Y.) Axon
Label A-D
A.) Neuroglial nuclei
B.) Nucleolus
C.) Nucleus
D.) Nissl Bodies
Basophilic clumps of rough endoplasmic reticulum and ribosomes seen in neuronal cell bodies
Nissl bodies
Classify the neuron based on structure:
multipolar
Classify the neuron based on structure:
bipolar
Classify the neuron based on structure:
unipolar
3 major types of neurons based on function:
- ) Sensory (Afferent)
- ) Motor (Efferent)
- ) Autonomic (Visceral Efferent)
Axodendritic Synapses
between the axon terminal of one neuron and the dendrite of another neuron
Axosomatic Synapses
between the axon terminal of one neuron and the cell body of anther neuron
Axoaxonic Synapses
between the axon of one neuron and the axon of another neuron
Dendrodendritic Synapses
between the dendrite of one neuron and the dendrite of another neuron
Dendrosomatic Synapses
between the dendrite of one neuron and the cell body of another neuron
The most common types of synapses based on which neuronal components are involved are __________ synapses and _________ synapses.
The most common types of synapses based on which neuronal components are involved are axodendritic synapses and axosomatic synapses.
Label A-E
A.) Presynaptic terminal
B.) Mitochondria
C.) Mitochondria
D.) Postsynaptic terminal
E.) Mitochondria
Name some neurotransmitters.
ACh, biogenic amines, amino acids, peptides, ATP, and dissolved gases (such as nitric oxide and carbon monoxide).
Name the type of cells pictured and their function.
Ependymal/Tanycyte – specialized ependymal cells that contribute to the blood-csf barrier
ependymal cells are derived from embryonic neuroepithelium
Name the type of cells pictured and their function.
Astrocytes
(Protoplasmic & Fibrous):
Maintain homeostasis
Structural syncytium
Contribute to the BBB
induce tight junctions in EC
perivascular end-feet
Name the type of cells and their function.
Microglia
- Located in the CNS
- Evenly distributed between gray and white matter; less numerous than oligodendrocytes and astrocytes.
- Small cells with short irregular processes with spikes – cannot see processes or spikes without special staining
- Nuclei are dense staining and are elongated, which is key for identification
- Can migrate
- Analyze tissues for damaged cells and invading microorganisms
- Major mechanism for immune defense in CNS
- Originate from blood monocytes (which originated in the bone marrow) and entered CNS during development
- When activated, they assume morphological characteristics of macrophages; they proliferate, become phagocytic, and act as antigen-presenting cells in areas of injury and disease
Name the type of cells.
satellite cells
Label A-D
A.) Schwann Cells
B.) Nerve fibers
C.) Myelin Sheath
D.) Endoneurium
Schwann Cells are derived from _____ _____ cells.
Schwann cells are derived from neural crest cells.
Label A-E
A.) Nucleus
B.) nonmyelinated axon
C.) basal lamina
D.) myelinated axon
E.) Myelin
Oligodendrocytes are derived from _____ _____ of the spinal cord. One oligodendrocyte can myelinate up to ____ axons. Oligodendrocytes can also be ________.
Oligodendrocytes are derived from neuroepithelial cells of the spinal cord. One oligodendrocyte can myelinate up to 50 axons. Oligodendrocytes can also be nonmyelinating.
Label A-K
A.) Axon
B.) Myelin Sheath
C.) Endoneurium
D.) Perineurium
E.) Epineurium
F.) Fascicle
G.) Blood Vessels
H.) Blood Vessels
I.) Perineurium
J.) Fascicle
K.) Nerve Fibers
L.) Endoneurium
Review the image
Epineurium = Epn
Bundle nerve fascicle = BNF
Perineurium = Pn
Endoneurium (neurilemma) - Nl
Axon = A
Myelin Sheath = M
Nerve fiber = NF
Capillary = C
Node of Ranvier = NR
