Histology Lecture 5-Nervous Tissue Histology

Question 1

Classify the neuron based on structure:

Answer 1

multipolar

Question 2

A name for a neuronal cell body containing the nucleus and organelles.

Answer 2

perikaryon

Question 3

Describe dendrites:

Answer 3

receptive/input region

unmyelinated

branching (dendritic trees)

dendritic spines

1 neuron can have many dendrites

Question 4

Describe axon:

Answer 4

•nerve fiber (only 1 per cell)

generates/conducts action potentials

myelinated or unmyelinated

axon terminal = terminal bouton

releases neurotransmitter

axonal transport; anterograde and

retrograde

Question 5

All of these images are examples of:

Answer 5

neurons

Question 6

Label A-Y

Answer 6

A.) dendrites

B.) cell body

C.) Axon collateral

D.) Axon

E.) Axoplasm

F.) Axolemma

G.) Axon terminal

H.) Synaptic end bulb

I.) initial segment

J.) Axon hillock

K.) Mitochondrion

L.) Cytoplasm

M.) Nissl bodies

N.) Nucleus of schwann cell

O.) cytoplasm of schwann cell

P.) myelin sheath

Q.) neurolemma

R.) Node of Ranvier

S.) neurofibril

T.) Neurofibril

U.) Nucleus

V.) Dendrites

W.) Cell body

X.) Neuroglia

Y.) Axon

Question 7

Label A-D

Answer 7

A.) Neuroglial nuclei

B.) Nucleolus

C.) Nucleus

D.) Nissl Bodies

Question 8

Basophilic clumps of rough endoplasmic reticulum and ribosomes seen in neuronal cell bodies

Answer 8

Nissl bodies

Question 9

Classify the neuron based on structure:

Answer 9

multipolar

Question 10

Classify the neuron based on structure:

Answer 10

bipolar

Question 11

Classify the neuron based on structure:

Answer 11

unipolar

Question 12

3 major types of neurons based on function:

Answer 12

1. ) Sensory (Afferent)
2. ) Motor (Efferent)
3. ) Autonomic (Visceral Efferent)

Question 13

Axodendritic Synapses

Answer 13

between the axon terminal of one neuron and the dendrite of another neuron

Question 14

Axosomatic Synapses

Answer 14

between the axon terminal of one neuron and the cell body of anther neuron

Question 15

Axoaxonic Synapses

Answer 15

between the axon of one neuron and the axon of another neuron

Question 16

Dendrodendritic Synapses

Answer 16

between the dendrite of one neuron and the dendrite of another neuron

Question 17

Dendrosomatic Synapses

Answer 17

between the dendrite of one neuron and the cell body of another neuron

Question 18

The most common types of synapses based on which neuronal components are involved are __________ synapses and _________ synapses.

Answer 18

The most common types of synapses based on which neuronal components are involved are axodendritic synapses and axosomatic synapses.

Question 19

Label A-E

Answer 19

A.) Presynaptic terminal

B.) Mitochondria

C.) Mitochondria

D.) Postsynaptic terminal

E.) Mitochondria

Question 20

Name some neurotransmitters.

Answer 20

ACh, biogenic amines, amino acids, peptides, ATP, and dissolved gases (such as nitric oxide and carbon monoxide).

Question 21

Name the type of cells pictured and their function.

Answer 21

Ependymal/Tanycyte – specialized ependymal cells that contribute to the blood-csf barrier

ependymal cells are derived from embryonic neuroepithelium

Question 22

Name the type of cells pictured and their function.

Answer 22

Astrocytes

(Protoplasmic & Fibrous):

Maintain homeostasis

Structural syncytium

Contribute to the BBB

induce tight junctions in EC

perivascular end-feet

Question 23

Name the type of cells and their function.

Answer 23

Microglia

• Located in the CNS
• Evenly distributed between gray and white matter; less numerous than oligodendrocytes and astrocytes.
• Small cells with short irregular processes with spikes – cannot see processes or spikes without special staining
• Nuclei are dense staining and are elongated, which is key for identification
• Can migrate
• Analyze tissues for damaged cells and invading microorganisms
• Major mechanism for immune defense in CNS
• Originate from blood monocytes (which originated in the bone marrow) and entered CNS during development
• When activated, they assume morphological characteristics of macrophages; they proliferate, become phagocytic, and act as antigen-presenting cells in areas of injury and disease

Question 24

Name the type of cells.

Answer 24

satellite cells

Question 25

Label A-D

Answer 25

A.) Schwann Cells

B.) Nerve fibers

C.) Myelin Sheath

D.) Endoneurium

Question 26

Schwann Cells are derived from _____ _____ cells.

Answer 26

Schwann cells are derived from neural crest cells.

Question 27

Label A-E

Answer 27

A.) Nucleus

B.) nonmyelinated axon

C.) basal lamina

D.) myelinated axon

E.) Myelin

Question 28

Oligodendrocytes are derived from _____ _____ of the spinal cord. One oligodendrocyte can myelinate up to ____ axons. Oligodendrocytes can also be ________.

Answer 28

Oligodendrocytes are derived from neuroepithelial cells of the spinal cord. One oligodendrocyte can myelinate up to 50 axons. Oligodendrocytes can also be nonmyelinating.

Question 29

Label A-K

Answer 29

A.) Axon

B.) Myelin Sheath

C.) Endoneurium

D.) Perineurium

E.) Epineurium

F.) Fascicle

G.) Blood Vessels

H.) Blood Vessels

I.) Perineurium

J.) Fascicle

K.) Nerve Fibers

L.) Endoneurium

Question 30

Review the image

Answer 30

Epineurium = Epn

Bundle nerve fascicle = BNF

Perineurium = Pn

Endoneurium (neurilemma) - Nl

Axon = A

Myelin Sheath = M

Nerve fiber = NF

Capillary = C

Node of Ranvier = NR