Anatomy Lecture 4-Introduction to Vasculature

Question 1

3 types of blood vessels:

Answer 1

1.) arteries 2.) capillaries 3.) veins

Question 2

describe arteries

Answer 2

carry blood away from heart; carries oxygenated blood in the systemic circulation; carries oxygen-poor (i.e. deoxygenated) blood in the pulmonary circulation; smallest artery is a arteriole

Question 3

describe capillaries

Answer 3

smallest of blood vessels; thin walled; allows the exchange of materials between the blood and body tissues.

Question 4

describe veins

Answer 4

carry blood towards heart; carries oxygen-poor blood in the systemic circulation; carries oxygenated blood in the pulmonary circulation; smallest vein is a venule.

Question 5

Label A-P

Answer 5

A.) Venous System

B.) Large veins

C.) small veins

D.) postcapillary venule

E.) Sinusoid

F.) Thoroughfare channel

G.) Capillaries (exchange vesselse)

H.) Metarteriole

I.) Terminal arteriole

J.) Arteriorles

K.) muscular arteries

L.) Elastic Arteries.

M.)Arterial System

N.) Lymphatic vessels

O.) Arteriovenous anastomosis

P.) Lymphatic capillary

Q.) precapillary sphincter

Question 6

Three layers of the walls of blood vessels:

Answer 6

1. ) Tunica Interna or Tunica Intima
2. ) Tunica Media
3. ) Tunica Externa or Tunica Adventitia

Question 7

Describe Tunica Intima or Tunica Interna:

Answer 7

abuts the lumen)-innermost

Three Parts:

a. endothelium-simple squamous epithelium
b. basal lamina
c. subendothelial layer-connective tissue

(internal elastic membrane – arteries and some arterioles)

Question 8

Describe Tunica Media:

Answer 8

contains rings of smooth muscles cells responsible for vasoconstriction and vasodilation; can also contain sheets or lamellae or laminae of elastin

(external elastic membrane – arteries)

Question 9

Describe Tunica Externa or Tunica Adventitia:

Answer 9

– in larger vessels this tunic contains a vasa vasorum and a nervi vascularis. So large it has its own vascular supply (vasa vasorum) and its own innervation (nervi vascularis)

Question 10

Label A-K

Answer 10

A.) Tunica Interna

B.) Endothelium

C.) Basement membrane

D.) Internal Elastic lamina

E.) Tunica Media

F.) Smooth muscle

G.) External Elastic lamina

H.) Tunica Externa

I.) Lumen of Artery

J.) Lumen of Vein

K.) Valve

Question 11

Label A-O

Answer 11

a. ) artery
b. ) vein
c. ) lumen of artery
d. ) lumen of vein
e. ) Tunica Interna
f. ) endothelium
g. ) subendothelial layer
h. ) internal elastic lamina
i. ) Tunica Media
j. ) external elastic media
k. ) Tunica intima
l. ) valve
m. ) capillary network
n. ) capillary
o. ) endothelial cells

Question 12

Thickest layer of arteries:

Answer 12

tunica media

Question 13

thickest layer of veins:

Answer 13

tunica externa

Question 14

4 types of arteries:

Answer 14

1) Elastic or Conducting Arteries
2) Muscular or Distributing Arteries
3) Small Arteries
4) Arterioles

Question 15

Describe Elastic or Conducting Arteries:

Answer 15

1)(Large Arteries) – largest diameter arteries (>10mm); walls contain elastic fibers; allows arteries to expand and recoil to propel blood onward while ventricles are relaxing; elastic fibers function as pressure reserve.

Question 16

Describe Muscular or Distributing Arteries:

Answer 16

1)(Medium Arteries) – medium-sized arteries (2mm to 10mm); large amounts of smooth muscle; important in regulating regional blood flow; smooth muscle cells in circular orientation and are responsible for vasoconstriction and vasodilation.

Question 17

Describe Small Arteries:

Answer 17

0.1mm to 2mm in diameter; as many as eight layers of smooth muscle in their tunica media.

Question 18

Describe arterioles:

Answer 18

smallest diameter artery; 10mm to 100mm diameter; only one or two layers of smooth muscle in the tunica media.

Question 19

Label A-C

Answer 19

a. ) Tunica Intima
b. ) Tunica Media
c. ) Tunica Externa

Question 20

What type of artery is pictured? How can you tell? Label A-D

Answer 20

Elastic artery (elastic aorta). You can tell because there are many bright pink elastic fibers.

A.) Endothelium

B.) Tunica Intima

C.) Tunica Media

D.) Tunica Externa

Question 21

What type of artery is pictured? How can you tell? Label A-E.

Answer 21

Muscular artery. You can tell becuase there isn’t much elastic (elastic fibers).

a. ) endothelium
b. ) tunica intima
c. ) internal elastic membrane
d. ) tunica media
e. ) tunica externa

Question 22

Name the most common type of capillary and describe it.

Answer 22

Tight Capillaries.

• Most common
• Blood tissue barriers
• Tight junctions, desmosomes & gap junctions

In tight junctions lipids and lipid-soluble molecules including gases diffuse freely across the endothelium but larger water-soluble molecules are moved across the cells by small spherical transcytotic vesicles (60-80 nm in diameter – bidirectional transport.

Examples include: blood-brain barrier (CNS), blood-air barrier (Lungs), blood-thymus, blood-ocular and blood-testis barriers.

Question 23

What type of capillary is pictured? What type of microscopy is being used? Label A-D

Answer 23

Tight Capillary seen using TEM

a. ) Red Blood Cell
b. ) Lumen
c. ) endothelium
d. ) tight junction, desmosome or gap junction

Question 24

4 types of Veins:

Answer 24

1) Venule
a. Postcapillary Venule
b. Muscular Venule
2) Small Veins
3) Medium Veins
4) Large Veins

Question 25

What type of capillary is pictured? What type of microscopy is being used? Label A-E and arrows

Answer 25

Fenestrated capillary seen used TEM.

B.) basal lamina

C.) Endothelium

D.) lumen

E.) red blood cell

arrows: fenestrae

Question 26

Describe Fenestrated Capillaries

Answer 26

• Highly permeable
• Fluid transport
• Endothelium is very thin, 0.1 μm, on basal lamina, with fenestrae
• Tight junctions & gap junctions

Fenestrated (fenestrae = window) capillaries in areas engaged in fluid transport

Examples include: lamina propria of intestines, glomeruli of renal corpuscles, choroid plexus of the brain, choricapillariis of the eye, and all endocrine organs.

Question 27

Describe venules:

Answer 27

smallest diameter veins (diameter of 10μm to 100 μm); receive blood from capillaries; two types:

1. Postcapillary Venule – endothelial cell with basal lamina and pericytes; no tunica media and no adventitia.
2. Muscular Venule – possess a tunica media with one or two layers of smooth muscle and a thin tunica adventitia; typically no pericytes here.

Question 28

Describe small veins:

Answer 28

– 0.1mm to 1mm in diameter; receive blood from muscular venule.

Question 29

Describe medium veins:

Answer 29

1mm to 10mm in diameter; all three layers present.

Question 30

Describe large veins:

Answer 30

larger than 10mm in diameter; all three layers present.

Question 31

•Most veins in limbs have _____ which prevent backflow of blood.

Answer 31

valves

Question 32

Vavles in the limbs are made up of what?

Answer 32

thin folds of tunica intima – endothelial cells over a thin layer of connective tissue

Question 33

Label A-Z and 1-3

Answer 33

a. ) large vein
b. ) medium vein
c. ) venule
d. ) inferior vena cava
e. ) tunica intima
f. ) tunica media
g. ) tunica externa
h. ) tunica intima
i. ) tunica media
j. ) tunica externa
k. ) tunica intima
l. ) tunica media
m. ) tunica externa
n. ) large artery
o. ) medium artery
p. ) arteriole
q. ) aorta
r. ) tunica intima
s. ) tunica media
t. ) tunica externa
u. ) tunica intima
v. ) tunica media
w. ) tunica media
x. ) tunica externa
y. ) tunica intima
z. ) tunia media
1. ) tunica externa
2. ) basement membrane
3. ) endothelium
4. ) capillary