Anatomy Lecture 4-Introduction to Vasculature Flashcards
3 types of blood vessels:
1.) arteries 2.) capillaries 3.) veins
describe arteries
carry blood away from heart; carries oxygenated blood in the systemic circulation; carries oxygen-poor (i.e. deoxygenated) blood in the pulmonary circulation; smallest artery is a arteriole
describe capillaries
smallest of blood vessels; thin walled; allows the exchange of materials between the blood and body tissues.
describe veins
carry blood towards heart; carries oxygen-poor blood in the systemic circulation; carries oxygenated blood in the pulmonary circulation; smallest vein is a venule.
Label A-P
A.) Venous System
B.) Large veins
C.) small veins
D.) postcapillary venule
E.) Sinusoid
F.) Thoroughfare channel
G.) Capillaries (exchange vesselse)
H.) Metarteriole
I.) Terminal arteriole
J.) Arteriorles
K.) muscular arteries
L.) Elastic Arteries.
M.)Arterial System
N.) Lymphatic vessels
O.) Arteriovenous anastomosis
P.) Lymphatic capillary
Q.) precapillary sphincter
Three layers of the walls of blood vessels:
- ) Tunica Interna or Tunica Intima
- ) Tunica Media
- ) Tunica Externa or Tunica Adventitia
Describe Tunica Intima or Tunica Interna:
abuts the lumen)-innermost
Three Parts:
a. endothelium-simple squamous epithelium
b. basal lamina
c. subendothelial layer-connective tissue
(internal elastic membrane – arteries and some arterioles)
Describe Tunica Media:
contains rings of smooth muscles cells responsible for vasoconstriction and vasodilation; can also contain sheets or lamellae or laminae of elastin
(external elastic membrane – arteries)
Describe Tunica Externa or Tunica Adventitia:
– in larger vessels this tunic contains a vasa vasorum and a nervi vascularis. So large it has its own vascular supply (vasa vasorum) and its own innervation (nervi vascularis)
Label A-K
A.) Tunica Interna
B.) Endothelium
C.) Basement membrane
D.) Internal Elastic lamina
E.) Tunica Media
F.) Smooth muscle
G.) External Elastic lamina
H.) Tunica Externa
I.) Lumen of Artery
J.) Lumen of Vein
K.) Valve
Label A-O
a. ) artery
b. ) vein
c. ) lumen of artery
d. ) lumen of vein
e. ) Tunica Interna
f. ) endothelium
g. ) subendothelial layer
h. ) internal elastic lamina
i. ) Tunica Media
j. ) external elastic media
k. ) Tunica intima
l. ) valve
m. ) capillary network
n. ) capillary
o. ) endothelial cells
Thickest layer of arteries:
tunica media
thickest layer of veins:
tunica externa
4 types of arteries:
1) Elastic or Conducting Arteries
2) Muscular or Distributing Arteries
3) Small Arteries
4) Arterioles
Describe Elastic or Conducting Arteries:
1)(Large Arteries) – largest diameter arteries (>10mm); walls contain elastic fibers; allows arteries to expand and recoil to propel blood onward while ventricles are relaxing; elastic fibers function as pressure reserve.
Describe Muscular or Distributing Arteries:
1)(Medium Arteries) – medium-sized arteries (2mm to 10mm); large amounts of smooth muscle; important in regulating regional blood flow; smooth muscle cells in circular orientation and are responsible for vasoconstriction and vasodilation.
Describe Small Arteries:
0.1mm to 2mm in diameter; as many as eight layers of smooth muscle in their tunica media.
Describe arterioles:
smallest diameter artery; 10mm to 100mm diameter; only one or two layers of smooth muscle in the tunica media.
Label A-C
a. ) Tunica Intima
b. ) Tunica Media
c. ) Tunica Externa
What type of artery is pictured? How can you tell? Label A-D
Elastic artery (elastic aorta). You can tell because there are many bright pink elastic fibers.
A.) Endothelium
B.) Tunica Intima
C.) Tunica Media
D.) Tunica Externa
What type of artery is pictured? How can you tell? Label A-E.
Muscular artery. You can tell becuase there isn’t much elastic (elastic fibers).
a. ) endothelium
b. ) tunica intima
c. ) internal elastic membrane
d. ) tunica media
e. ) tunica externa
Name the most common type of capillary and describe it.
Tight Capillaries.
- Most common
- Blood tissue barriers
- Tight junctions, desmosomes & gap junctions
In tight junctions lipids and lipid-soluble molecules including gases diffuse freely across the endothelium but larger water-soluble molecules are moved across the cells by small spherical transcytotic vesicles (60-80 nm in diameter – bidirectional transport.
Examples include: blood-brain barrier (CNS), blood-air barrier (Lungs), blood-thymus, blood-ocular and blood-testis barriers.
What type of capillary is pictured? What type of microscopy is being used? Label A-D
Tight Capillary seen using TEM
a. ) Red Blood Cell
b. ) Lumen
c. ) endothelium
d. ) tight junction, desmosome or gap junction
4 types of Veins:
1) Venule
a. Postcapillary Venule
b. Muscular Venule
2) Small Veins
3) Medium Veins
4) Large Veins
What type of capillary is pictured? What type of microscopy is being used? Label A-E and arrows
Fenestrated capillary seen used TEM.
B.) basal lamina
C.) Endothelium
D.) lumen
E.) red blood cell
arrows: fenestrae
Describe Fenestrated Capillaries
- Highly permeable
- Fluid transport
- Endothelium is very thin, 0.1 μm, on basal lamina, with fenestrae
- Tight junctions & gap junctions
Fenestrated (fenestrae = window) capillaries in areas engaged in fluid transport
Examples include: lamina propria of intestines, glomeruli of renal corpuscles, choroid plexus of the brain, choricapillariis of the eye, and all endocrine organs.
Describe venules:
smallest diameter veins (diameter of 10μm to 100 μm); receive blood from capillaries; two types:
- Postcapillary Venule – endothelial cell with basal lamina and pericytes; no tunica media and no adventitia.
- Muscular Venule – possess a tunica media with one or two layers of smooth muscle and a thin tunica adventitia; typically no pericytes here.
Describe small veins:
– 0.1mm to 1mm in diameter; receive blood from muscular venule.
Describe medium veins:
1mm to 10mm in diameter; all three layers present.
Describe large veins:
larger than 10mm in diameter; all three layers present.
•Most veins in limbs have _____ which prevent backflow of blood.
valves
Vavles in the limbs are made up of what?
thin folds of tunica intima – endothelial cells over a thin layer of connective tissue
Label A-Z and 1-3
a. ) large vein
b. ) medium vein
c. ) venule
d. ) inferior vena cava
e. ) tunica intima
f. ) tunica media
g. ) tunica externa
h. ) tunica intima
i. ) tunica media
j. ) tunica externa
k. ) tunica intima
l. ) tunica media
m. ) tunica externa
n. ) large artery
o. ) medium artery
p. ) arteriole
q. ) aorta
r. ) tunica intima
s. ) tunica media
t. ) tunica externa
u. ) tunica intima
v. ) tunica media
w. ) tunica media
x. ) tunica externa
y. ) tunica intima
z. ) tunia media
1. ) tunica externa
2. ) basement membrane
3. ) endothelium
4. ) capillary
