Anatomy Lecture 5-Introduction to the Nervous System

Question 1

CNS has cranial nerves and spinal nerves. They are located in posterior body cavity and extend to about _____. However, the vertebral column goes to the sacrum (end of vertebral canal is the _______ ______). Why is there a difference?

Answer 1

CNS has cranial nerves and spinal nerves. They are located in posterior body cavity and extend to about L1/L2. However, the vertebral column goes to the sacrum (end of vertebral canal is the vertebral hiatus). In development the vertebral column outgrows the spinal cord. So spinal cord ends at L1/L2, past that are the proximal portions of spinal nerves that have not exited the vertebral canal.

Question 2

The CNS is composed of what? These structures develop from the _____ _____.

Answer 2

The CNS is composed of the brain and spinal cord. They develop from the neural tube.

Question 3

The PNS is composed of what? These structures develop from the _____ _____ and ____ _____.

Answer 3

The PNS is composed of all the nervous system structures that connect the CNS with the rest of the body. These structures develop from the neural crest and CNS outgrowths.

Question 4

Describe the Somatic division of the nervous system.

Answer 4

The somatic nervous system is primarily concerned with function. It receives information from and responds to the external world. It innervates structures that develop from somites.

Question 5

Describe the Visceral division of the nervous system.

Answer 5

The visceral nervous system is primarily concerned with function. It innervates organ systems and their elements. It detects and responds to information within body.

Question 6

Group of cell bodies in CNS

Answer 6

nucleus

Question 7

Group of cell bodies in PNS

Answer 7

ganglion

Question 8

Glial cells of CNS

Answer 8

1.) astrocyte 2.) oligodendroglia 3.) microglia

Question 9

Glial cells of PNS

Answer 9

1.) schwann cells

Question 10

Connective tissues of CNS:

Answer 10

A.) 3 meninges: 1.) dura mater 2.) arachnoid mater 3.) pia mater

Question 11

Connective tissue of PNS:

Answer 11

A.) 3 connective tissues: 1.) epineurium 2.) perineurium 3.) endoneurium

Question 12

Label A-H

Answer 12

a. ) Arachnoid trabeculae
b. ) blood vessel
c. ) dura mater
d. ) arachnoid
e. ) subarachnoid space
f. ) pia mater
g. ) cerebral cortex
h. ) neuronal cell body

Question 13

Label A-H

Answer 13

A.) blood vessels

B.) fasicle

C.) epineurium

D.) perineurium

E.) unmyelinated nerve

F.) myelinated nerve

G.) endoneurium

H.) myelin

Question 14

of spinal nerves

Answer 14

31

Question 15

of cranial nerves

Answer 15

12

Question 16

Define ipsilateral

Answer 16

When talking about the origin (cell bodies) of a tract (axons) and its pathway to its target, if the target is on the same side it is IPSILATERAL

Question 17

Define contralateral

Answer 17

When talking about the origin (cell bodies) of a tract (axons) and its pathway to its target, if the target is on the opposite side it is contralateral

Question 18

Define bilateral

Answer 18

When talking about the origin (cell bodies) of a tract (axons) and its pathway to its target, if the target is on the both sides it is BILATERAL

Question 19

Define decussation

Answer 19

refers to the X-shaped crossing of nerve bundles at junctional regions (from one side to the other side)

Question 20

Define Commisure

Answer 20

link between the two sides of the nervous system; i.e., anterior commissure, corpus callosum, posterior commissure.

Question 21

Sensory Neuron functions:

a. ) general
b. ) special

Answer 21

Sensory (afferent)

–General

(touch, vibration, pain, temperature, proprioception (spatial awareness))

•Segmented innervation, follows dermatomes

–Special

(vision, olfaction, audition, taste, balance & equilibrium)

Question 22

Motor Neuron functions:

a.) general

Answer 22

• Motor (Efferent) signals from brain to body
• Segmented innervation, follows myotomes

Question 23

Autonomic Nervous System Functions:

Answer 23

(Visceral Efferent)

–Sympathetic

–Parasympathetic

–Enteric

Question 24

Label A-D

Answer 24

a. ) Sensory Neurons
b. ) Motor Neurons
c. ) Motor Visceral Neurons/preganglionic sympathetic
d. ) Motor Visceral Neurons/postganglionic sympathetic

Question 25

Label A-R

Answer 25

A.) Pacinian Corpuscle

B.) Dorsal root ganglion

C.) Dorsal root

D.) Dorsal column

E.) vascular smooth muscle, sweat glands, errctor pili muscles in skin

F.) ventral ramus

G.) dorsal ramus

H.) ventral root

I.) gray ramus communicans

J.) sympathetic chain ganglion

K.) free nerve endings

L.) splanchnic nerve

M.) white ramus communicans

N.) sympathetic chain

O.) skeletal muscle

P.) collateral sympathetic ganglion

Q.) sympathetic chain

R.) sensory neuron