Histology Lecture 3-Connective Tissue

Question 1

Types of Connective Tissue:

Answer 1

1.) Embryonic Connective Tissue 2.) Adult Connective Tissue

Question 2

Types of Embryonic Connective Tissue:

Answer 2

1.) Mesenchyme 2.) Mucous

Question 3

Types of Adult Connective Tissue:

Answer 3

1.) Connective Tissue Proper 2.) Specialized Connective Tissue

Question 4

Types of Connective Tissue Proper:

Answer 4

1.) Loose (areolar) 2.) Reticular 3.) Dense Regular 4.) Dense Irregular 5.) Adipose

Question 5

Types of Specialized Connective Tissue:

Answer 5

1.) Blood 2.) Supporting Connective Tissue (bone and cartilage)

Question 6

Functions of Connective Tissue:

Answer 6

1.) Binds, Supports, and Strengthens other body tissues 2.) Protection- surrounds organs and bones 3.) Insulation of internal organs 4.) Compartmentalization of organs 5.) Transport nutrients and oxygen 6.) Storage of Energy Reserves (adipose) 7.) Immune Responses (blood)

Question 7

All Connective Tissue has what common characteristics?

Answer 7

1.) cells in an extracellular matrix (protein fibers and ground substance) 2.) common origin (all CT comes from mesenchyme) 3.) degrees of vascularity (can be avascular, poorly vascularized, or highly vascularized)

Question 8

What is mesenchyme?

Answer 8

Embryonic connective tissue that is: -loosely organized CT -has elongated, undifferentiated cells with cytoplasmic processes -has viscous ground substance Mesenchyme can differntiate into other types of cells other than CT cells

Question 9

What is the general composition of connective tissue?

Answer 9

Cells with a large amount of extracellular matrix between them.

Question 10

The ECM is made up of:

Answer 10

1.) Protein fibers 2.) Ground substance

Question 11

The protein fibers found in the ECM of connective tissue are:

Answer 11

1.) Collagen 2.) Reticular fibers 3.) Elastic fibers

Question 12

Describe Ground Substance:

Answer 12

amorphous material between fibers, provides medium through which diffusion can occur, can be fluid, semifluid, gelatinous, or calcified (no diffusion), GS is hydrophilic

Question 13

What are the components of the Ground Substance in the ECM?

Answer 13

1.) Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) (ex. hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulfate) 2.) Proteoglycans 3.) Multiadhesive Glycoproteins (ex. laminin and fibronectin)

Question 14

What is the major product or activity of fibroblasts, chondroblasts, osteoblasts, and odontoblasts?

Answer 14

production of fibers and ground substance

Question 15

What is the major product or activity of plasma cells?

Answer 15

productions of antibodies

Question 16

What is the major product or activity of lymphocytes?

Answer 16

production of immunocompetent cells

Question 17

What is the major product or activity of eosinophils?

Answer 17

participation in allergic and vasoactive reactions modulation of mast cell activities and the inflammatory process.

Question 18

What is the major product or activity of Neutrophils?

Answer 18

phagocytosis of foreign substances, bacteria

Question 19

What is the major product or activity of macrophages?

Answer 19

secretion of cytokines and other molecules, phagocytosis of foreign substances and bacteria, antigen processing an presentation to other cells.

Question 20

What is the major product or activity of mast cells and basophils?

Answer 20

liberation of pharmacologically active molecules (histamine)

Question 21

What is the major product or activity of adipose cells?

Answer 21

storage of neutral fats and thermogenesis

Question 22

What type of cell is indicated by the black arrows? What does this type of cell do?

Answer 22

Type of cell: fibroblast

Activity: produces ECM fibers

Question 23

What is the most common cell type in connective tissue?

Answer 23

fibroblast cells

Question 24

What type of cells can be seen in this image?

Answer 24

Active fibroblasts (seen coming away from ECM which indicates that they are active)

Question 25

What type of cells are indicated in the images?

Answer 25

fibroblasts

Question 26

What type of cell is indicated by the black arrows?

Answer 26

Myofibroblasts (Fibroblasts that also have some characteristics of muscle. Elongated cell similar to muscle, and is associated with actin filaments)

Question 27

What type of cell is shown in the image?

Answer 27

Mast cells (filled with basophilic granules contianing chemicals like heprin).

Question 28

What type of cell is shown in the image?

Answer 28

Mast cell

Question 29

What type of cells can be seen in the images?

Answer 29

Plasma cells- ## Footnote Short life span (10-20) days, Derived from B lymphocytes, Produce antibodies

Question 30

What type of cells is indicated by the letter "A"?

Answer 30

Macrophages-Nucleus is kidney shaped, cellular borders are irregular

Question 31

Label A-D

Answer 31

A.) Fibroblast nuclei B.) Plasma Cells C.) Basophils D.) Eosinophils

Question 32

Three types of connective tissue fibers:

Answer 32

1. ) Collagen-collagen protein 2. ) Reticular- type 3 collagen protein 3. ) Elastic- elastin protein

Question 33

Label A-C

Answer 33

A.) Collagen B.) blood vessel C.) Fibroblast

Question 34

Label B and C

Answer 34

B.) Collagen C.) Elastin

Question 35

What type of tissue is pictured and where might you find it?

Answer 35

Reticular Connective Tissue, seen in organs that support other organs like the lymphatic organs

Question 36

Describe the structure of collagen fibers.

Answer 36

3 alpha chains intertwine to form a triple helix collagen molecule. A bundle of triple helix collagen molecules forms a collagen fibril. A bundle of collagen fibrils forms a collagen fiber

Question 37

Label a-g

Answer 37

a. ) collagen fibrils b. ) mitochondria c. ) rough ER d. ) collagen fibrils e. ) fibroblast f. ) ECM g. ) rough ER

Question 38

Label A and B

Answer 38

A.) Elastic fibers B.) Collagen fibers

Question 39

Label A and B

Answer 39

A.) Elastic fiber B.) Collagen fiber

Question 40

Ground Substance consists of:

Answer 40

A.Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) (ex. hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulfate) B.Proteoglycans C.Multiadhesive Glycoproteins (ex. laminin and fibronectin)

Question 41

Describe GAGs

Answer 41

Glycosaminoglycans are unstructured material between cells and fibers, provides medium for diffusion. Hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulfate are examples. GAGs bind water (can bind a lot of water, can withstand pressure).

Question 42

What type of tissue is pictured? How do you know?

Answer 42

Mesenchyme. Contains elongated, undifferentiated cells, usually a prominent nucleus, viscous ground substance.

Question 43

What type of tissue is pictured?

Answer 43

Mesenchyme

Question 44

What type of tissue is pictured?

Answer 44

Wharton's Jelly. ## Footnote Mucous tissue, (Embryonic CT),vsimilar to what is found in pulp cavity in young teeth Typically collagen fibers

Question 45

Label A-D

Answer 45

A.) Umbilical Cord B.) Umbilical arteries C.) Umbilical vein D.) Wharton's Jelly (mesenchyme)

Question 46

What type of tissue is pictured? Where is it found? What is it's function? Label A-C

Answer 46

Type: Loose Areolar Connective Tissue Location: Under Epithelia, forms lamina propria of mucous membranes, packages organs in urinary, reproductive, and respiratory tract Function: cushions organs, strength, elasticity, support A.) Elastic Fibers B.) Collagen Fibers C.) Fibrobalsts

Question 47

What type of tissue is pictured? Label A-E

Answer 47

Type: Loose Areolar Connective Tissue A.) Elastic Fiber B.) Blood vessel C.) Mast Cell D.) Macrophage/lymphocyte E.) Collagen fiber

Question 48

What type of tissue is pictured? Where is it found? What is it's function? Label A-C

Answer 48

Type: Reticular Connective Tissue Location: Lymphoid organs (lymph nodes, bone marrow, spleen) Function: Fibers form a soft internal skeleton that supports other cell types including white blood cells, mast cells, and macrophages. A.) Lymphocyte B.) Reticular fibers C.) Mast Cells

Question 49

What type of tissue is pictured? Where is it found? What is it's function? Label A and B

Answer 49

Type: Dense Regular Connective Tissue Location: tendons, most ligaments, aponeuroses. Function: attaches muscles to bones or to muscles, attaches bones to bones, withstands great tensile stress when pulling force is applied in one direction. A.) collagen fibers B.) nuclei of fibroblasts

Question 50

What type of tissue is pictured? Where is it found? What is it's function? Label A and B

Answer 50

Type: Dense Irregular Connective Tissue Location: dermis of skin, submucosa of digestive tract, fibrous capsules of organs and joints Function: Able to withstand tension exerted in many directions; provides structural strength A.) fibroblasts B.) collagen fibers

Question 51

Label A-F

Answer 51

A.) Dense Connective Tissue B.) Loose Connective Tissue C.) Epithelial Tissue D.) Adipose Tissue E.) Epithelial Tissue F.) Dense Connective Tissue

Question 52

What type of tissue/cells is pictured? Where is it located? What is its function?

Answer 52

Type: White Adipose Tissue/ White adipocytes Location: subcutaneous layer, mammary gland, greater omentum, mesenteries, orbits, bone marrow cavity Function: energy storage, insulation, cushioning of vital organs, and secretion of hormones

Question 53

What type of tissue/cells is pictured? Where is it located? What is its function?

Answer 53

Type: Brown Adipose Tissue Location: in Newborns: 5% of total body mass; back, along upper half of spine and toward shoulders in Adults: retroperitoneal space, around aorta, neck, back, mediastinum Function: heat production (thermogenesis)