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OSU COD 2022- D1 Fall 2018 > Histology Lecture 3-Connective Tissue > Flashcards

Histology Lecture 3-Connective Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

Types of Connective Tissue:

A

1.) Embryonic Connective Tissue 2.) Adult Connective Tissue

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2
Q

Types of Embryonic Connective Tissue:

A

1.) Mesenchyme 2.) Mucous

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3
Q

Types of Adult Connective Tissue:

A

1.) Connective Tissue Proper 2.) Specialized Connective Tissue

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4
Q

Types of Connective Tissue Proper:

A

1.) Loose (areolar) 2.) Reticular 3.) Dense Regular 4.) Dense Irregular 5.) Adipose

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5
Q

Types of Specialized Connective Tissue:

A

1.) Blood 2.) Supporting Connective Tissue (bone and cartilage)

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6
Q

Functions of Connective Tissue:

A

1.) Binds, Supports, and Strengthens other body tissues 2.) Protection- surrounds organs and bones 3.) Insulation of internal organs 4.) Compartmentalization of organs 5.) Transport nutrients and oxygen 6.) Storage of Energy Reserves (adipose) 7.) Immune Responses (blood)

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7
Q

All Connective Tissue has what common characteristics?

A

1.) cells in an extracellular matrix (protein fibers and ground substance) 2.) common origin (all CT comes from mesenchyme) 3.) degrees of vascularity (can be avascular, poorly vascularized, or highly vascularized)

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8
Q

What is mesenchyme?

A

Embryonic connective tissue that is: -loosely organized CT -has elongated, undifferentiated cells with cytoplasmic processes -has viscous ground substance Mesenchyme can differntiate into other types of cells other than CT cells

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9
Q

What is the general composition of connective tissue?

A

Cells with a large amount of extracellular matrix between them.

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10
Q

The ECM is made up of:

A

1.) Protein fibers 2.) Ground substance

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11
Q

The protein fibers found in the ECM of connective tissue are:

A

1.) Collagen 2.) Reticular fibers 3.) Elastic fibers

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12
Q

Describe Ground Substance:

A

amorphous material between fibers, provides medium through which diffusion can occur, can be fluid, semifluid, gelatinous, or calcified (no diffusion), GS is hydrophilic

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13
Q

What are the components of the Ground Substance in the ECM?

A

1.) Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) (ex. hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulfate) 2.) Proteoglycans 3.) Multiadhesive Glycoproteins (ex. laminin and fibronectin)

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14
Q

What is the major product or activity of fibroblasts, chondroblasts, osteoblasts, and odontoblasts?

A

production of fibers and ground substance

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15
Q

What is the major product or activity of plasma cells?

A

productions of antibodies

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16
Q

What is the major product or activity of lymphocytes?

A

production of immunocompetent cells

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17
Q

What is the major product or activity of eosinophils?

A

participation in allergic and vasoactive reactions modulation of mast cell activities and the inflammatory process.

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18
Q

What is the major product or activity of Neutrophils?

A

phagocytosis of foreign substances, bacteria

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19
Q

What is the major product or activity of macrophages?

A

secretion of cytokines and other molecules, phagocytosis of foreign substances and bacteria, antigen processing an presentation to other cells.

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20
Q

What is the major product or activity of mast cells and basophils?

A

liberation of pharmacologically active molecules (histamine)

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21
Q

What is the major product or activity of adipose cells?

A

storage of neutral fats and thermogenesis

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22
Q

What type of cell is indicated by the black arrows? What does this type of cell do?

A

Type of cell: fibroblast

Activity: produces ECM fibers

23
Q

What is the most common cell type in connective tissue?

A

fibroblast cells

24
Q

What type of cells can be seen in this image?

A

Active fibroblasts (seen coming away from ECM which indicates that they are active)

25
Q

What type of cells are indicated in the images?

A

fibroblasts

26
Q

What type of cell is indicated by the black arrows?

A

Myofibroblasts (Fibroblasts that also have some characteristics of muscle. Elongated cell similar to muscle, and is associated with actin filaments)

27
Q

What type of cell is shown in the image?

A

Mast cells (filled with basophilic granules contianing chemicals like heprin).

28
Q

What type of cell is shown in the image?

29
Q

What type of cells can be seen in the images?

A

Plasma cells-

Short life span (10-20) days,

Derived from B lymphocytes,

Produce antibodies

30
Q

What type of cells is indicated by the letter “A”?

A

Macrophages-Nucleus is kidney shaped, cellular borders are irregular

31
Q

Label A-D

A

A.) Fibroblast nuclei

B.) Plasma Cells

C.) Basophils

D.) Eosinophils

32
Q

Three types of connective tissue fibers:

A
  1. ) Collagen-collagen protein
  2. ) Reticular- type 3 collagen protein
  3. ) Elastic- elastin protein
33
Q

Label A-C

A

A.) Collagen

B.) blood vessel

C.) Fibroblast

34
Q

Label B and C

A

B.) Collagen

C.) Elastin

35
Q

What type of tissue is pictured and where might you find it?

A

Reticular Connective Tissue, seen in organs that support other organs like the lymphatic organs

36
Q

Describe the structure of collagen fibers.

A

3 alpha chains intertwine to form a triple helix collagen molecule. A bundle of triple helix collagen molecules forms a collagen fibril. A bundle of collagen fibrils forms a collagen fiber

37
Q

Label a-g

A

a. ) collagen fibrils
b. ) mitochondria
c. ) rough ER
d. ) collagen fibrils
e. ) fibroblast
f. ) ECM
g. ) rough ER

38
Q

Label A and B

A

A.) Elastic fibers

B.) Collagen fibers

39
Q

Label A and B

A

A.) Elastic fiber

B.) Collagen fiber

40
Q

Ground Substance consists of:

A

A.Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) (ex. hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulfate)

B.Proteoglycans

C.Multiadhesive Glycoproteins (ex. laminin and fibronectin)

41
Q

Describe GAGs

A

Glycosaminoglycans are unstructured material between cells and fibers, provides medium for diffusion. Hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulfate are examples. GAGs bind water (can bind a lot of water, can withstand pressure).

42
Q

What type of tissue is pictured? How do you know?

A

Mesenchyme. Contains elongated, undifferentiated cells, usually a prominent nucleus, viscous ground substance.

43
Q

What type of tissue is pictured?

A

Mesenchyme

44
Q

What type of tissue is pictured?

A

Wharton’s Jelly.

Mucous tissue, (Embryonic CT),vsimilar to what is found in pulp cavity in young teeth

Typically collagen fibers

45
Q

Label A-D

A

A.) Umbilical Cord

B.) Umbilical arteries

C.) Umbilical vein

D.) Wharton’s Jelly (mesenchyme)

46
Q

What type of tissue is pictured? Where is it found? What is it’s function? Label A-C

A

Type: Loose Areolar Connective Tissue

Location: Under Epithelia, forms lamina propria of mucous membranes, packages organs in urinary, reproductive, and respiratory tract

Function: cushions organs, strength, elasticity, support

A.) Elastic Fibers

B.) Collagen Fibers

C.) Fibrobalsts

47
Q

What type of tissue is pictured? Label A-E

A

Type: Loose Areolar Connective Tissue

A.) Elastic Fiber

B.) Blood vessel

C.) Mast Cell

D.) Macrophage/lymphocyte

E.) Collagen fiber

48
Q

What type of tissue is pictured? Where is it found? What is it’s function? Label A-C

A

Type: Reticular Connective Tissue

Location: Lymphoid organs (lymph nodes, bone marrow, spleen)

Function: Fibers form a soft internal skeleton that supports other cell types including white blood cells, mast cells, and macrophages.

A.) Lymphocyte

B.) Reticular fibers

C.) Mast Cells

49
Q

What type of tissue is pictured? Where is it found? What is it’s function? Label A and B

A

Type: Dense Regular Connective Tissue

Location: tendons, most ligaments, aponeuroses.

Function: attaches muscles to bones or to muscles, attaches bones to bones, withstands great tensile stress when pulling force is applied in one direction.

A.) collagen fibers

B.) nuclei of fibroblasts

50
Q

What type of tissue is pictured? Where is it found? What is it’s function? Label A and B

A

Type: Dense Irregular Connective Tissue

Location: dermis of skin, submucosa of digestive tract, fibrous capsules of organs and joints

Function: Able to withstand tension exerted in many directions; provides structural strength

A.) fibroblasts

B.) collagen fibers

51
Q

Label A-F

A

A.) Dense Connective Tissue

B.) Loose Connective Tissue

C.) Epithelial Tissue

D.) Adipose Tissue

E.) Epithelial Tissue

F.) Dense Connective Tissue

52
Q

What type of tissue/cells is pictured? Where is it located? What is its function?

A

Type: White Adipose Tissue/ White adipocytes

Location: subcutaneous layer, mammary gland, greater omentum, mesenteries, orbits, bone marrow cavity

Function: energy storage, insulation, cushioning of vital organs, and secretion of hormones

53
Q

What type of tissue/cells is pictured? Where is it located? What is its function?

A

Type: Brown Adipose Tissue

Location:

in Newborns: 5% of total body mass; back, along upper half of spine and toward shoulders

in Adults: retroperitoneal space, around aorta, neck, back, mediastinum

Function: heat production (thermogenesis)

OSU COD 2022- D1 Fall 2018 (15 decks)

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