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BIOL 212 Anatomy > Histology > Flashcards

Histology Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 4 types of tissues? And their functions?

A
  1. Epithelial- covers
  2. Connective- connects
  3. Muscular- contracts
  4. Nervous- conducts
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2
Q

What are the two main divisions of Epithelial Tissue?

A
  1. Covers surfaces, lines cavities and tubes
  2. glandular tissue with secreting cells
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3
Q

What are the characteristics of Epithelial tissue?(3)

A
  1. Found in continuous sheets
  2. Increased mitotic rate- divides rapidly for regeneration of cell
  3. Avascular- no blood vessels
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4
Q

Functions of epithelial tissue? (4)

A
  1. Physical protection
  2. Control Permeability
  3. provide sensation
  4. Produces specialized secretions
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5
Q

Describe epithelial physical protection

A

protection from abrasion, dehydration, toxins and pathogens

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6
Q

Describe Permeability control (epithelial)

A

1 .Many epithelia are basically impermeable, or have regulated permeability
2. Junctions between cells can prevent substances from passing between adjacent cells

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7
Q

Where are simple squamous epithelium found?

A
  1. capillaries
  2. air sacs (lungs)
  3. internal membranes
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8
Q

where are stratified squamous epithelium found?

A
  1. skin
  2. mouth
  3. throat
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9
Q

where are simple cuboidal epithelium found?

A
  1. glands
  2. ducts
  3. kidney tubules
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10
Q

where are stratified cuboidal epithelium found?

A
  1. lining ducts
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11
Q

where are simple columnar epithelium found?

A
  1. lining the digestive tract
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12
Q

where are pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium found?

A
  1. lining trachea and bronchi
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13
Q

where is transitional epithelium found?

A
  1. lining urinary bladder
  2. lining uterus
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14
Q

what are the two glandular epithelium? Describe them

A
  1. Exocrine glands- have ducts
    a. products secreted into duct then emptied onto the epithelial surface
  2. Endocrine glands- don’t have ducts
    a. products are secreted into extracellular fluid
    b. diffuses into blood stream then transported to organs/cells
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15
Q

What are the characteristics of connective tissues? (4)

A
  1. functions to support bind and attach other tissue types
  2. has specialized connective tissue cells, surrounded by an abundance of extracellular matrix
    a. collagen, elastic, reticular
  3. Highly vascular
  4. good nerve supply and lymphatic supply
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16
Q

What are the functions of connective tissues?(6)

A
  1. Form Structural framework of body
    a. skeleton(includes bones,cartilage)
  2. Transports fluid and dissolved material throughout the body
    a. blood/lymph
  3. Provide Protection for body organs
    a. Cranium, thoracic cage, pelvis, spinal cavity
  4. Supporting surrounding and connecting tissues
    a. Fascia, tendons, ligaments
  5. Energy storage and blood cell formation
    a. Fat, red bone marrow
  6. Defense from microorganisms
    a. White Blood cells
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17
Q

List the specialized cells of connective tissues(5)

A
  1. Fibroblasts
  2. Adipocytes
  3. Blood cells
  4. Chondrocytes
  5. Osteocytes
18
Q

List the fibers of connective tissues(3)

A
  1. Collagen
  2. Elastic
  3. Reticular
19
Q

Describe collagen

A

Collagen- (ex. Tendons and ligaments)
1. Largest fibers (long, straight, non-branching)
2. Flexible yet resist pulling(great tensile strength)
3. 3 protein subunits twisted like a rope

20
Q

Describe Elastic fibers

A
  1. Contains elastin protein
  2. Branching, wavy
  3. Can stretch up to 150% of original length, then recoil
  4. Ligaments attaching vertebrae
21
Q

Describe Reticular Fibers

A
  1. A very thin type of collagen
  2. Interacts to form a 3d branching network of fibers
  3. Forms supporting framework for cells of organs
22
Q

Describe the 2 types of connective tissue

A

Loose CT
-Fibers create loose, open framework
-Areolar tissue, adipose tissue, reticular tissue

Dense CT
-Fibers are densely packed
-Dense regular, dense irregular, elastic

23
Q

What are the different types of Supporting Connective tissue

A
  1. Hyaline Cartilage
  2. Fibrocartilage
  3. Elastic cartilage
  4. Bone
24
Q

What are the fluid connective tissues

A
  1. Blood
  2. Lymph
25
Q

What are the 4 types of membranes

A
  1. Mucous Membranes
  2. Serous
  3. Cutaneous
  4. Synovial
26
Q

Describe Mucous membranes

A

Found lining hollow organs and tubes with opening to external environment

27
Q

Describe the Serous membranes

A

Found covering organs and lining cavities within the anterior body cavities

28
Q

Describe the cutaneous membrane

A

Dry membrane covering external body surface( epidermis and dermis)

29
Q

Describe the synovial membrane

A

found lining the synovial joints- knee, shoulder, elbow

30
Q

Describe Muscle tissue

A
  1. elongated cells
  2. cells packed with contrile proteins
  3. highly contractile
  4. sensitive to external environment changes
31
Q

What are the types of muscle tissue

A
  1. skeletal
  2. smooth
  3. cardiac
32
Q

Describe Skeletal Muscle tissue

A
  1. straited
  2. large cylindrical fibers
  3. voluntary control
  4. cannot divide
  5. peripherally located nuclei
33
Q

Describe smooth muscle

A
  1. non striated
  2. spindle shaped
  3. centrally located nuclei
  4. involuntary
  5. can divide
34
Q

Describe Cardiac muscle

A
  1. striated
  2. branching fibers
  3. centrally located nuclei
  4. involuntary
  5. cannot divide
35
Q

function of skeletal muscle

A

moves and stabilizes the skeleton

36
Q

function of cardiac muscles

A

generates forceful contractions of the heart

37
Q

function of smooth muscle

A

surrounds blood vessels and walls of organs

38
Q

Describe Nervous Tissue

A
  1. impulse transmitting cells
  2. star like appearance
  3. highly sensitive to external stimuli
  4. longest cells in the body
  5. incapable of cell reproduction
39
Q

two types of cells that make nervous tissue

A
  1. neurons
  2. neuroglia
40
Q

Describe extracellular matrix

A
  1. produced by spcialized connective tissue cells
  2. can vary from fluid(blood), gel(CT proper), to solid(bone)

BIOL 212 Anatomy (38 decks)

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