Histology (03.02) Histology of the Urinary System

Question 1

4 things the kidneys filter to keep blood pure

Answer 1

• toxins
• metabolic wastes
• excess water
• excess ions

Question 2

3 types of nitrogenous wastes disposed of from the blood

Answer 2

• urea
• uric acid
• creatine

Question 3

the main job of the kidney is to regulate what four things?

Answer 3

• water
• electrolytes
• acids
• bases

Question 4

_____ ____ are located between the pyramids

Answer 4

renal columns

Question 5

renal corpuscles and associated tubules are located in the renal _____

Answer 5

cortex

Question 6

straight tubules, collecting ducts, and vasa recta are located in the renal ____

Answer 6

medulla

Question 7

a renal lobe consists of what three things?

Answer 7

• renal pyramid
• its overlapping renal cortex
• one-half of each adjacent renal columns

Question 8

the glomerular capillary bed is unusual in having ____ going both to it and away from it

Answer 8

arterioles

Question 9

fluid is squeezed out of the glomerular capillary bed via ____

Answer 9

filtration

Question 10

most nutrients, water, and essential ions are returned to the blood of the peritubular capillaries via ____

Answer 10

resorption

Question 11

______ moves additional undesirable molecules into tubule from blood of peritubular capillaries

Answer 11

secretion

Question 12

what are the two components of the nephron?

Answer 12

• renal corpuscle

- renal tubule

Question 13

the renal tubule is here tubular ____ and ____ occur

Answer 13

• reabsorption

- secretion

Question 14

each nephron drains into a _____ ____

Answer 14

collecting tubule

Question 15

a nephron + its collecting tubule forms the ____ ____

Answer 15

uriniferous tubule

Question 16

the glomerular filtration occurs in the ____ ____

Answer 16

renal corpuscle

Question 17

what are the two components of the renal corpuscle?

Answer 17

• glomerulus

- bowman’s capsule

Question 18

the glomerulus is formed of ___ capillaries composed of 10 to 20 capillary ___

Answer 18

• tuft

- loops

Question 19

the glomerular capillaries are supplied by an ___ ___ and drained by an ____ ____

Answer 19

• afferent arteriole

- efferent ARTERIOLE

Question 20

double walled epithelial cup that surrounds the glomerulus

Answer 20

bowman’s capsule

Question 21

the visceral layer of bowman’s capsule is the ___ layer

Answer 21

internal

Question 22

the parietal layer of bowman’s capsule is the ____ layer

Answer 22

external

Question 23

afferent and efferent arterioles enter and exit the glomerulus via the ___ ____

Answer 23

vascular pole

Question 24

the filtrate exits bowman’s space and enters the proximal convoluted tubule via the ____ ___

Answer 24

urinary (tubular) pole

Question 25

the visceral layer of bowman's capsule is made up of modified simple squamous epithelial cells called ____

Answer 25

podocytes

Question 26

extensions of podocytes

Answer 26

pedicels

Question 27

space between two pedicels

Answer 27

filtration slit

Question 28

semipermeable membrane covering the filtration slit

Answer 28

slit diaphragm

Question 29

the parietal layer of the bowman's capsule is made up of what type of epithelium

Answer 29

simple squamous

Question 30

what are the three components of the renal tubule

Answer 30

- proximal convoluted tubule - loop of hence - distal convoluted tubule

Question 31

the renal tubule is where tubular ____ and _____ occurs

Answer 31

- reabsorption | - secretion

Question 32

the proximal convoluted tubule is confined to the ___ ___ and has long microvilli called ___ ____off of its simple cuboidal epithelium

Answer 32

- renal cortex | - brush border

Question 33

the thick descending limb of the loop of henle is composed of ____ ___ ____ cells

Answer 33

-simple cuboidal epithelial

Question 34

the thin descending limb of the loop of henle is composed of ____ ____ ___ cells

Answer 34

-simple squamous epithelial

Question 35

the thin ascending limb of the loop of henle is composed of ___ ___ ___ cells

Answer 35

simple squamous epithelial

Question 36

the thick ascending limb of the loop of henle is composed of ____ ____ ___ cells

Answer 36

simple cuboidal epithelial

Question 37

the distal convoluted tubule is confined to the ___ ___ and is composed of ___ ___ ___ and is ___ than the cells of the PCT

Answer 37

- renal cortex - simple cuboidal epithelium - smaller

Question 38

the distal convoluted tubule has many ___ and fewer and not long _____. its lumen is also more ___ in comparison to the PCT

Answer 38

- mitochondria - microvilli - smoother (no brush border)

Question 39

structure where afferent arteriole makes contact with ascending limb of the loop of henle

Answer 39

juxtaglomerular apparatus

Question 40

the juxtaglomerular apparatus is composed of what two things

Answer 40

- macula densa | - juxtaglomerular cells

Question 41

the collecting ducts collect urine from the ______ and have ____ ____ epithelium

Answer 41

- DTC | - simple cuboidal epithelium

Question 42

the collecting ducts appear less _____ than PCT or DCT and its cytoplasm is relatively ___ and cell borders are usually ____

Answer 42

- specialized - clear - distinct

Question 43

the collecting ducts ___ and become ____ as they descend through the medulla

Answer 43

- merge | - larger

Question 44

ureters use ______ of the smooth m in its wall to propel urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder

Answer 44

peristalsis