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Anatomy (S2)(Unit 2) > Histology (02.20) Digestive System > Flashcards

Histology (02.20) Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

what are the only two parts of the digestive system to cause physical breakdown to food?

A
  • teeth
  • tongue

*everything else uses secretions

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2
Q

from the lumen outward, what are the four layers of the alimentary canal?

A
  • mucosa
  • submucosa
  • muscularis externa
  • serosa (adventitia)
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3
Q

what must food cross to be considered “inside” the body?

A

lining epithelium

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4
Q

from most inward to external, what are the three layers of the mucosa?

A
  • lining epithelium
  • lamina propria
  • muscularis mucosae
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5
Q

the lining epithelium of the mucosa is composed of what two types of epithelium?

A
  • nonkeratinized stratified squamous (mouth, pharynx, esophagus, anus)
  • simple columnar (in tight junctions)
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6
Q

what type of connective tissue is the lamina propria (in the mucosa) composed of?

A

loose (areolar) connective tissue

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7
Q

what type of tissue is the muscular is mucosae (in the mucosa) composed of?

A

smooth muscle tissue

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8
Q

what type of tissue is the submucosa composed of?

A

dense irregular (binds mucosa to muscularis externa)

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9
Q

what type of plexuses can be found in the sub mucosa?

A

Meissner’s Plexus (unmyelinated nerves to supply secretory cells)

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10
Q

what type of tissue composes the muscularis externa?

A

smooth muscle tissue

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11
Q

what are the two m layers in the muscularis externa?

A
  • inner circular layer

- outer longitudinal layer

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12
Q

which layer of the muscularis externa can be thickened to form sphincters or valves?

A

inner circular layer

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13
Q

what type of plexus can be found in the muscularis externa?

A

myenteric (Auerbach’s) nerve plexus

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14
Q

what type of tissue composes the serosa/adventitia?

A

loose (areolar)

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15
Q

in the esophagus, what type of m tissue is found in the muscularis externa?

A

SKELETAL (it changes to smooth here)

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16
Q

what mucous gland is found in the submucosa in the esophagus?

A

esophageal glands (proper)

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17
Q

what mucous gland is found in the lamina propria in the esophagus?

A

esophageal cardiac glands

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18
Q

what are the 4 subdivisions of the stomach?

A
  • cardia
  • fundus
  • body
  • pylorus
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19
Q

in the stomach, rugae are not there to increase surface area but are there instead to what?

A

allow for expansion

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20
Q

subdivision of the stomach closest to the esophagus

A

cardia

21
Q

subdivision of the stomach closest to the duodeum

A

pylorus

22
Q

the cardia of the stomach contains _____ glands

A

cardiac (primarily mucus)

23
Q

the pylorus of the stomach contains _____ glands

A

pyloric (primarily mucus)

24
Q

the fundus/body of the stomach contains _____ glands that contain cells that secrete _____ and _____

A
  • gastric (fundic)
  • HCl
  • pepsin
25
Q

the mucosa of the stomach contains _____ _____ epithelium and ____ _____ which lead to glands

A
  • simple columnar

- gastric pits

26
Q

in the muscularis externa of the stomach, what are the three layers ?

A
  • outer longitudinal
  • middle circular
  • inner oblique
27
Q

what are the three parts of the gastric (fundic) glands of the stomach

A
  • isthumus
  • neck
  • base
28
Q

how long is the small intestine

A
  • 10ft living

- 21ft cadaver

29
Q

the mucosa of the small intestine contains ____ ____ epithelium which house _____ cells and ____ cells

A
  • simple columnar
  • absorptive
  • goblet (number inc as you go further into GI tract)
30
Q

the mucosa of the small intestine contains ____ ____ ____ also known as intestinal glands

A

crypts of lieberkuhn

31
Q

the crypts of lieberkuhn in the mucosa of the small intestine contain what 4 things?

A
  • tubular glands
  • paneth cells
  • enteroendocrine cells
  • stem cells
32
Q

the submucosa of the duodenum contains ____ glands that produce ____ _____

A
  • brunner’s glands

- alkaline mucus

33
Q

what are the two layers of the muscularis externa of the small intestine?

A
  • outer longitudinal

- inner circular

34
Q

lymphatic nodules found in the submucosa and lamina propria of the ileum

A

peyer’s patches

35
Q

specialized epithelial cells in the ileum that overlie peer’s patches

A

M (microfold) cells

36
Q

unlike the small intestine, the large intestine has no _____ ____ and no ____,

A
  • plicae circulares

- villi

37
Q

what are the four things that the large intestine contains

A
  • teniae coli
  • haustra
  • omental appendages
  • anal columns
38
Q

what are the absorptive cells of the small intestine?

A

enterocytes

39
Q

what are the absorptive cells of the large intestine?

A

colonocytes

40
Q

lymphoid cells and lymphoid nodules can be found where?

A

lamina propria of the LARGE intestine

41
Q

what are the three parts of the pancreas?

A
  • head
  • body
  • tail
42
Q

98-99% of the pancreas functions as an ____ ____

A

exocrine gland (compound acinar gland)

43
Q

1-2% of the pancreas functions as an ______ _____

A

endocrine gland (islets of langerhans)

44
Q

from what two sources does the liver receive blood?

A
  • hepatic artery (oxygenated blood)

- hepatic portal vein (deoxygenated blood with newly absorbed nutrients and drugs…etc)

45
Q

place in the liver where oxygen, most of the nutrients, and certain toxic substances are taken up by the hepatocytes. it is also where the hepatocytes’ products and stored nutrients are secreted back into the blood

A

liver sinuoids

46
Q

six side structure that the liver is composed of

A

hepatic lobules

47
Q

the largest cells lining the sinusoids are _____ cells that are phagocytotic and are involved with the breakdown of some damaged or old RBCs that reach the liver from the spleen

A

kupffer cells

48
Q

kupffer cells are derived from ______

A

monocytes

49
Q

hepatocytes have microvilli that extend in to a ________ space

A

perisinusoidal (space of disse)

*the space between the endothelial cells and the hepatocytes

Anatomy (S2)(Unit 2) (14 decks)

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