Embryology (03.02) Development of the Urinary System

Question 1

what are the two components of the urogenital system?

Answer 1

• urinary system

- genital system

Question 2

both the urinary and genital system develop from a common ____ ____

Answer 2

mesodermal ridge

Question 3

ultimately, the intermediate mesoderm will end up in the ____ position

Answer 3

retroperitoneal

Question 4

the intermediate mesoderm creates the _____ ridge that is composed of _____ and _____ parts

Answer 4

• urogential
• nephrogenic
• genital

Question 5

what are the three slightly overlapping kidney systems?

Answer 5

• pronephros
• mesonephros
• metanephros

Question 6

the three slightly overlapping kidney systems develop in a ____ to ____ sequence

Answer 6

• cranial

- caudal

Question 7

the pronephros are ____ and ______

Answer 7

• rudimentary
• nonfunctional

*these are the first kidney systems

Question 8

the mesonephros function for a SHORT TIME during ____ ____ _____

Answer 8

early fetal period

*these are the second kidney systems

Question 9

the metanephros form the ____ _____

Answer 9

permanent kidney

Question 10

the pronephros appears at day ___ in segmented intermediate mesoderm in the _____ region

Answer 10

• 21

- cervical region

Question 11

the pronephros degenerates by day ____ and is ____ ____ in humans

Answer 11

• 24

- never functional

Question 12

the mesonephros appears in EARLY week ___ and is ____ and ____ segments of intermediate mesoderm

Answer 12

• 4
• thoracic
• lumbar

Question 13

concerning the mesonephros, urine is produced and drains along the ______ ____ to the _____

Answer 13

• mesonephric (wolffian) duct

- cloaca/bladder

Question 14

concerning the mesonephros, in week ___ the _____ segments regress but the mesophrenic kidney continues functioning until week ___

Answer 14

• 5
• thoracic
• 10

Question 15

the mesonephric vesicles of the nephrogenic/mesonephric duct develop _____ and have nearly 40 _____ to make up the primordial nephron.

Answer 15

• craniocaudally

- tubules

Question 16

the mesonephros are functional from weeks __-___

Answer 16

6-10

Question 17

the mesonephric ducts extend into lower ____ and fuse with the ___ to contribute to the _____ ____

Answer 17

• lumbar
• cloaca
• posterior bladder

Question 18

canalization begins ____ and grows ___

Answer 18

• caudally

- cranially

Question 19

what are the two components of the metanephors?

Answer 19

• collecting portion

- excretory portion

Question 20

the metanephros begin when the _____ ______ (ureteric buds) sprout from the DISTAL end of the _____ ____ at about ___ weeks

Answer 20

• metanephric diverticulum
• mesonephric duct
• 5

Question 21

concerning metanephros, the ____ ____ buds induce intermediate mesoderm in the sacral region to form a ____ ____ which forms the glomeruli and tubules of the nephrons

Answer 21

• ureteric buds

- metanephric blastema

Question 22

for metanephros, ____ ____ is needed to ureteric buds to induce nephron differentiation

Answer 22

close proximity

Question 23

concerning metanephros, if a bud is missing or abnormal, the kidney does not ______

Answer 23

develop

Question 24

what are the 4 parts of the collecting portion of the metanephros?

Answer 24

• ureter
• renal pelvis
• major calyces
• minor calyces

Question 25

what are the 4 portions of the excretory portion of the metanephros?

Answer 25

• bowman’s capsule
• proximal convoluted tubule
• loop on henle
• distal convoluted tubule

Question 26

between what weeks do the kidneys ascend?

Answer 26

6-9

Question 27

initially the kidneys form near the ____ of the embryo

Answer 27

pelvis (caudal end)

Question 28

vascular buds grow toward the ___ ___aa

Answer 28

common iliac

Question 29

____ in ____ causes the kidneys to ascend

Answer 29

growth in length

Question 30

the kidneys do not “____” their blood supply with them as they ascend, rather they send out new and slightly more ____ branches and induce the regression of the more ____ branches

Answer 30

• drag
• cranial
• caudal

Question 31

the ventral portion of the cloaca in the hind gut is the ____ _____

Answer 31

urogenital sinus

Question 32

the dorsal portion of the cloaca in the hind gut is the ____ ___

Answer 32

anorectal canal

Question 33

what divides the cloaca in the hind gut into a ventral and dorsal portion?

Answer 33

-urorectal septum

Question 34

the distal portions of the _____ ____ and the attached ____ ___ become incorporated into the _____ aspect of the bladder

Answer 34

• mesonephric ducts
• ureteric ducts
• posterior

Question 35

____ ___ and part of the ___ arise from the pelvic part of the UGS

Answer 35

• whole urethra

- vagina

Question 36

____ and ___ parts of the urethra arise from the pelvic part of the UGS which the ____ urethra comes from the phallic part

Answer 36

• prostatic
• membranous
• spongy

Question 37

urachal cysts have their allantois closed on _____ end and you never know you have it unless it is large and ____

Answer 37

• both

- infected

Question 38

urachal sinuses have their allantois closed on _____ end

Answer 38

-one

Question 39

urachal fistulas are have their allantois ____ ___

Answer 39

not closed

Question 40

bladder comes out of the body wall

Answer 40

extrophy of the bladder