Gross (02.11) Anterior Abdominal Wall

Question 1

most superior part of the abdominal cavity

Answer 1

diaphragm

Question 2

what splits the abdominal cavity and the pelvic cavity

Answer 2

pelvic inlet

Question 3

the abdomen is broken up into 9 regions, what are they

Answer 3

• right hypochondrium
• epigastric region
• left hypochondrium
• right flank
• umbilical region
• left flank
• right groin
• pubic region
• left groin

Question 4

from external to internal, what are the three muscle layers of the abdomen

Answer 4

• external oblique
• internal oblique
• transverse abdominalis m

Question 5

midline of the abdomen that multiple aponeuroses insert

Answer 5

linea alba

Question 6

m that has fibers that run in the direction of hands going into pockets

Answer 6

external oblique

Question 7

the transverse abdominalis m fibers run in the same direction as what other m

Answer 7

internal oblique (perpendicular to external oblique)

Question 8

the somatic nerves of the abdomen run between what two things?

Answer 8

• internal oblique m

- transverse abdominalis m

Question 9

an aponeurotic sheath that envelopes rectus abdominalis and pyramidalis mm and consists of anterior and posterior layers

Answer 9

rectus sheath

Question 10

what is significant about the rectus sheath when it is ABOVE the arcuate line?

Answer 10

it envelopes rectus abdominalis

Question 11

what is significant about the rectus sheath when it is BELOW the arcuate line?

Answer 11

it goes anterior to rectus abdominalis

Question 12

when superior to the arcuate line, the anterior layer of the rectus sheath is formed by the aponeurosis of what two things?

Answer 12

• external oblique

- 1/2 of internal oblique

Question 13

when superior to the arcuate line, the posterior layer of the rectus sheath is formed by what?

Answer 13

• aponeurosis of 1/2 of inferior oblique and transverse abdominalis
• transversalis fascia

Question 14

when inferior to the arcuate line, the anterior layer of the rectus sheath is formed by the aponeurosis of what three things?

Answer 14

• external oblique
• inferior oblique
• transverse abdominalis

Question 15

when inferior to the arcuate line, the posterior layer of the rectus sheath is formed by what

Answer 15

transversalis fascia

Question 16

umbilical fold from the urinary bladder to umbilicus an also covers a ligament of the same name

Answer 16

median umbilical fold

Question 17

umbilical folds that cover a ligament of the same name as well as occluded portions of umbilical aa

Answer 17

medial umbilical fold (2)

Question 18

umbilical folds that cover inferior epigastric vessels

Answer 18

lateral umbilical folds (2)

Question 19

the circumflex a is a branch of the ______ a and supplies the region of the _____ _____

Answer 19

• femoral

- inguinal ligament

Question 20

the epigastric a is a branch of the _______ a and supplies the abdomen inferior to _____

Answer 20

• femoral

- umbilicus

Question 21

all vessels of the abdomen run in _____ ____ and _____

Answer 21

• superficial fat

- fascia

Question 22

what is the name of the femoral artery before it passes under the inguinal ligament

Answer 22

external iliac a

Question 23

the deep circumflex iliac vessels are branches of the ____ ____ a and run in-between the _____ ____ and ______ _____ mm. they supply the _____ _____ _____mm

Answer 23

• external iliac
• inferior oblique
• transverse abdominalis
• inferior lateral abdominal

Question 24

the inferior epigastric vessels are branches of the ____ ____ a and enter the posterior rectus sheath at the _____ ____. they supply the _____ _____ ____mm and they anastomose with _____ _____

Answer 24

• external iliac a
• arcuate line
• lower rectus abdominus mm
• superior epigastric

Question 25

the superior epigastric vessels are branches of the _____ _____ a and enter the posterior rectus sheath lateral to the ______. they supply the _____ _____ ____ mm and anastomose with the _____ ____ m

Answer 25

- internal thoracic - sternum - upper rectus abdominalis - inferior epigastric

Question 26

the musculophrenic vessels are branches of the _____ _____ a and run along ____ _____. they supply the _____ _____mm and the ________

Answer 26

- internal thoracic - costal cartilages - upper abdominal mm - diaphragm

Question 27

what nerve levels span the abdomen?

Answer 27

T7-L1

Question 28

nerves that supply the region of the abdominal wall above umbilicus

Answer 28

T7-T9

Question 29

nerves that supply the region of the abdominal wall at the umbilical region

Answer 29

T10

Question 30

nerves that supply the region of the abdominal wall below umbilicus

Answer 30

T11-L1

Question 31

injury to T11-L1 weakens mm in the _____ region which predisposes them to _____ _____ _____

Answer 31

- inguinal | - DIRECT inguinal hernias

Question 32

the inguinal region is superior to _____, medial to ____, and lateral to _____ ____

Answer 32

- thigh - ilium - pubic bone

Question 33

what five things are found in the inguinal region?

Answer 33

- inguinal ligament - inguinal canal - superficial rings of canal - deep rings of canal - walls of the canal

Question 34

the inguinal ligament is the folded inferior border of the _____ _____ ______

Answer 34

external oblique aponeurosis

Question 35

the inguinal ligament extends from _____ _____ ____ ____ to the _____ _____

Answer 35

- anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) | - pubic tubercle

Question 36

the inguinal canal traverses the _____ abdominal wall

Answer 36

anterior

Question 37

the male inguinal canal contains what 5 things

Answer 37

- spermatic cord - vas deferens - testicular nerves and vessels - cremasteric m - ilioinguinal n (L1)

Question 38

the female inguinal canal contains what 2 things/

Answer 38

- round ligament of uterus | - ilioinguinal nerve (L1)

Question 39

the superficial ring of the inguinal canal has its opening in the _____ _____ aponeurosis and is an obvious triangular opening lateral to the ____ _____

Answer 39

- external oblique | - pubic tubercle

Question 40

the deep ring of the inguinal canal has its opening in _____ ______ and is a subtle piercing just lateral to the _____ _____ vessels

Answer 40

- transversalis fascia | - inferior epigastric

Question 41

what two things constitute the roof of the inguinal canal?

Answer 41

- inferior oblique m | - transverse abdominalis m

Question 42

what constitutes the floor of the inguinal canal?

Answer 42

inguinal ligament

Question 43

the out pouching of abdominal viscera within a sac is known as an ______ _____

Answer 43

abdominal hernia

Question 44

what three layers is the hernial sac composed of?

Answer 44

- peritoneum - extraperitoneal fat - transversalis fascia

Question 45

90% of hernias occur in the _____ region

Answer 45

inguinal

Question 46

an indirect inguinal hernia extends thru entire _____ ____ and is lateral to _____ ____ vessels.

Answer 46

- inguinal canal | - inferior epigastric

Question 47

a(n) _____ inguinal hernia commonly enters scrotum or labia majora

Answer 47

indirect

Question 48

a(n) _____ inguinal hernia is the most common type of hernia and occurs more in _____ than _____

Answer 48

- indirect - males - females

Question 49

an indirect inguinal hernia is referred to as a canal of _____ in females

Answer 49

Nuck

Question 50

an indirect inguinal hernia is usually from persistent ______ ______ in men

Answer 50

processus vaginalis

Question 51

a direct inguinal canal extends though the _____ _____

Answer 51

inguinal triangle

Question 52

what constitutes the inguinal triangle?

Answer 52

- inferior epigastric a - rectus abdominalis m - inguinal ligament

Question 53

where does a direct inguinal hernia emerge?

Answer 53

thru conjoint tendon or at superficial ring

Question 54

a(n) _____ inguinal hernia does not enter scrotum or labia majora

Answer 54

direct

Question 55

a(n) _____ inguinal hernia is associated with a weakened abdominal wall

Answer 55

direct