Embryology (03.04) Development of Genital System

Question 1

what are the two portions of each urogenital ridge?

Answer 1

• nephrogenic cord

- gonadal ridge

Question 2

the sex of the fetus cannot be VISIBLY determined till week __

Answer 2

7

Question 3

and first development, all fetuses have a ______ duct (male) and a ______ duct (female)

Answer 3

• mesonephric (wolffian) [male]

- paramesonephric (mullerian) [female]

Question 4

_____ ____ ____ migrate to the gonadal ridges at week 6

Answer 4

primordial germ cells

Question 5

cord cells form solid _____ ___ that sink into underlying mesenchyme to welcome (envelope) primordial germ cells

Answer 5

gonadal (cortical) cords

Question 6

concerning males, the sex determining region of the Y chromosome codes for ______ ____ _____ which is a protein that tells the gonads to form the testicles

Answer 6

testes determining factor (TDF)

Question 7

concerning males, testes determining factor (TDF) codes for the production of what two things?

Answer 7

• leydig cells (produce testosterone)

- sertoli cells (caretakers of primordial germ cells)

Question 8

leydig cells produce _____

Answer 8

testosterone

Question 9

sertoli cells are “caretakers” of what?

Answer 9

primordial germ cells

develop in close proximity to them

Question 10

testosterone stimulates the formation of what 4 things?

Answer 10

• mesonephric duct (becomes vas deferens and epididymis)
• mesonephric tubules (become efferent ductiles)
• external genitalia

Question 11

the SUPERIOR end of the mesonephric (wollfarian) duct becomes the ____ and the rest of it become the _____ ____

Answer 11

• epididymis

- vas deferens

Question 12

the CAUDAL end of the mesonephric (wolfarrian) duct develops what two things?

Answer 12

• seminal vesicles

- ejaculatory ducts

Question 13

what four things are produced by the mesonephric (wolffarian) duct?

Answer 13

• epididymis
• ductus (vas) deferens
• seminal vesicle
• ejaculatory duct

Question 14

the gonadal cords produce what two things?

Answer 14

• seminiferous tubules

- rete testes

Question 15

the mesonephric tubules become what?

Answer 15

efferent ductules

Question 16

the ____ and _____ glands are ENDODERMAL outgrowths from the UROGENITAL SINUS (anterior portion of cloaca)

Answer 16

• prostate gland

- bulbourethra gland

Question 17

concerning males, sertoli cells produce ____ ____ ___ which inhibits the formation of the duct so that the female genitalia does not proceed

Answer 17

mulleria inhibitiing horomone

Question 18

concerning the descent of the testes, the ______ extends from the tonal to the labioscrotal swelling (future scrotal sac) and as it shortens it pulls the testis ductus deferens, and testicular vessels through the ____ _____ (after passing through the inguinal canal) and eventually into the scrotal sac

Answer 18

• gubernaculum

- inguinal canal

Question 19

concerning males, clinical correlation of patent processes vaginalis

Answer 19

congenital inguinal hernia

Question 20

concerning males, clinical correlation of development of fluid filled cysts in the testis or spermatic cord

Answer 20

hydrocoele

Question 21

concerning males, failure of the testis to descend

Answer 21

cryptochidism

Question 22

in the female, there is no Testicular determining factor, so ____ cells and ____ cells develop

Answer 22

• stromal cells (of the ovary)

- follicular cells (surround ovarian follicles)

Question 23

the follicular cells of the female are similar to the the _____ cells of the males in the fact that they are “caretakers” of the primordial germ cells

Answer 23

sertoli cells

Question 24

when there is LOW TESTOSTERONE, _____ ducts regress

Answer 24

mesonephric (wolfarrian) ducts [male]

Question 25

when there is no MIH present, there is continued growth of _____ ducts

Answer 25

-paramesonephric (mullerian) ducts [female]

Question 26

in females, what are the three remnants of the mesonephric duct in order from distal to proximal?

Answer 26

- epoophoron - paraophoron - gartner cysts

Question 27

three things formed from the paramesonephric (mullerian) ducts

Answer 27

- uterine tubes - uterus - SUPERIOR vagina

Question 28

the caudal ends of the mullein ducts fuse to form the _____ _____ which will form the ____ and superior portion of the _____

Answer 28

- uterovaginal primodium - uterus - vagina

Question 29

the inferior vagina is derived from the _____ ____ via a pair of endodermal outgrowths called _____ ____

Answer 29

- urogenital sinus | - sinovaginal bulbs

Question 30

what are the three accessory glands of the female genital system?

Answer 30

- greater vestibular glands - urethral glands - paraurethral glands

Question 31

the ovaries do ____ but not as far as the testies bc of the ____

Answer 31

- descend | - uterus

Question 32

develops erectile tissue for both males and females (clitoris and penis)

Answer 32

-genital tubercle

Question 33

in females the genital tubercle becomes the ____ and the urethral folds become the ____ ____

Answer 33

- clitoris | - labium minus

Question 34

in females the the unfused portions of the labioscrotal swellings become the ____ ____

Answer 34

labium majus

Question 35

in males, the genital tubercle becomes the ___ ___ and the urethral folds become the ___ ____

Answer 35

- glans penis | - penile shaft

Question 36

in males, the labioscrotal swelling becomes the ____

Answer 36

scrotum

Question 37

what causes the changes in males from primordial structures to male external genitalia?

Answer 37

testosterone