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Anatomy (S2)(Unit 2) > Gross (02.23) Diaphragm, Kidneys, & Posterior Abdominal Wall > Flashcards

Gross (02.23) Diaphragm, Kidneys, & Posterior Abdominal Wall Flashcards

1
Q

the _____ phrenic nerve passes through the musculature to get to the diaphragm

A

left

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2
Q

the _____ phrenic nerve passes through with the vessels to get to the diaphragm

A

right

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3
Q

_____ ____ and the ____ are posterior to the diaphragm for the most part

A
  • sympathetic trunks

- aorta

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4
Q

the phrenic nerves supply the ____ ___ of the diaphragm

A

inferior surface

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5
Q

if the phrenic nerve is injured, we loose ______

A

inspiration

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6
Q

a ____ _____ cannot contract (descend) and remains high in the thorax and is recognizable on radiographic chest films

A

paralyzed hemidiaphragm

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7
Q

at what vertebrae is the vena cava foramen?

A

T8

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8
Q

what passes through the vena cava foramen?

A

IVC

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9
Q

at what vertebrae is the esophageal hiatus?

A

T10

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10
Q

what passes through the esophageal hiatus?

A

esophagus

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11
Q

at what vertebrae is the aortic hiatus?

A

T12

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12
Q

which crus of the diaphragm is longer?

A

right (extends all the way down to L3)

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13
Q

the median arcuate ligament is the _____ ligament of the diaphragm and arches over the _____

A
  • central

- aorta

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14
Q

the two medial arcuate ligaments are _____ and arch over the _____ mm

A
  • small

- psoas mm

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15
Q

the two lateral arcuate ligaments are _____ and arch over _____ ____ mm

A
  • large

- quadratus lumborum mm

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16
Q

what two aa supply the superior surface of the diaphragm?

A
  • pericariacophrenic

- superior phrenic

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17
Q

what a supplies the inferior surface of the diaphragm?

A

inferior phrenic aa (via abdominal aorta)

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18
Q

what supplies the periphery of the diaphragm?

A

musculophrenic aa (via internal thoracic aa)

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19
Q

the kidneys are located lateral to the vertebral column at ______

A

T12-L3

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20
Q

the superior pole of the L kidney is at the ____ rib

A

11

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21
Q

the superior pole of the R kidney is at the ____ rib

A

12th

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22
Q

the kidneys are surrounded by _____ ____ and ____ _____

A
  • perirenal fat

- renal fascia

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23
Q

the kidneys ____ from the _____ during development

A
  • ascend

- pelvis

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24
Q

ascending kidney that remains anterior the sacrum

A

ectopic pelvic kidney

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25
ascending kidney that is below the IMA
horseshoe kidney
26
ascending kidney that is placed in the lower abdomen
transplanted kidney
27
the renal veins are always more _____ than renal arteries
anterior
28
what thin layer surrounds the kidneys
fibrous capsule
29
out 1/3 of kidney
renal cortex
30
inner 2/3 of kidney
renal medulla
31
the renal medulla contains the ____ ____
renal pyramids
32
part of the kidneys that receive apex of pyramids
penal pappillae
33
two main purposes of kidneys
- filter blood - produce urine *also have a role in BP
34
the _____ renal artery is longer bc it passes posterior to ______
- right | - IVC
35
each renal artery divides into ______ aa at the ____
- segmental aa | - helium
36
the _____ renal vein is longer bc it passes anterior to ______
- left | - aorta
37
what is the flow of urine starting at the renal papillae and ending in the urethra?
- renal papillae - minor calyces - major calyces - renal pelvis - ureter - urinary bladder - urethra
38
the ureters cross ____ ____ mm to enter the _____
- psoas major mm | - bladder
39
the ureters run obliquely _____ to _____ vessels
- posterior | - gonadal
40
the ureters are ANTERIOR to the ___ _____a
external iliac a
41
______ renal pelvis and ureters is fairly common
bifid
42
_____ ureters happen only occasionally
retrocaval
43
ureters that are posterior to either common or external iliac veins
retrocaval
44
what are the 4 sources of ureter arteries?
- renal a - testicular/ovarian a - abdominal aorta - internal iliac a (pelvic cavity)
45
kidney stones (calculi) form in the ____ and progress to the ____ ____. they may spontaneously pass through the ______ into the _____ and are usually associated with considerable ____
- kidney - renal pelvis - ureter bladder - pain
46
larger kidney stones (~1cm) have to be _____ _____ by ultra sonic crushing via ______
- surgically removed | - lithotripsy
47
calculi are usually associated with ____ ____ during the descent of the stone. the region of this changes with the level of the _____
- referred pain | - obstruction
48
the ____ adrenal gland is roughly triangular and lies _____ to the kidney and ____ to IVC
- right - superior - posterior
49
the ____ adrenal gland is semilunar and lies _____ to kidney near the _____
- left - superomedial - hilum
50
____ ____outer portion of the adrenal gland that produces ____ _____
- adrenal cortex | - adrenal steroids
51
____ ___ is the inner portion of the adrenal gland that acts as _____ _____
- adrenal medulla | - sympathetic ganglion
52
the adrenal glands are richly vascularized due to ____ function
endocrine
53
the 3 suprarenal aa are:
- superior suprarenal aa (from inferior phrenic a) - middle suprarenal aa (from abdominal aa) - inferior suprarenal aa (from renal aa)
54
the arterial supply to the posterior wall is from 4 pairs of ____ aa that are branches of the ____ ____ a
- lumbar arteries | - abdominal aorta a (superior to bifurcation)
55
the aorta bifurcates at the vertebrae ____
L4 (level of umbilicus)
56
the lumbar plexus of nn is the ventral rami of _______
T12-L4
57
the lumbar plexus is located beneath fascia of the ____ ____ ____
posterior abdominal mm
58
the subcostal n arises at ____ and supplies sensory to _____ ____ abdominal wall. it also supplies motor to the ______ mm
- T12 (1cm inferior to 12th rib) - anterior lateral - abdominal (EO, IO, TA, pyramidalis, RA, QL)
59
the iliohypogastric n supplies what?
skin of suprapubic region (also supplies the abdominalis mm)
60
the ilioinguinal n runs through the ____ ____ to supply it
inguinal canal (also supplies the abdominalis mm)
61
the genitofemoral n pierces the ____ ___ m and then descends along its anterior suface. it then splits into a _____ branch and a ____ branch
- psoas major - femoral - genital
62
the genitofemoral n supplies what two things?
- skin inferior and medial to inguinal ligament | - cremaster m (of spermatic cord)
63
the lateral femoral cutaneous n originates at _______ and descends anteriorly to the _____ ____ and then passes deep to the ____ _____ to supply the ______ ____ of the thigh
- L2-L3 - iliacus m - inguinal ring - anterior/lateral skin
64
the femoral nerve runs between what two mm?
- iliacus m | - psoas major m
65
the femoral n supplies what?
- sensory and motor to anterior thigh | * Major nerve of the anterior thigh
66
the obturator n originates at _____ and runs medial to ____ ____ m
- L2-L4 | - psoas major
67
the obturator n supplies what?
sensory and motor to medial thigh
68
the lumbosacral trunk is at ____ and crosses of the ____ _____ _____
- L4-L5 | - ala of sacrum
69
the lumbosacral trunk descends into the pelvis to help form the
sacral plexus

Anatomy (S2)(Unit 2) (14 decks)

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