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Anatomy (S2)(Unit 2) > Gross (02.23) Diaphragm, Kidneys, & Posterior Abdominal Wall > Flashcards

Gross (02.23) Diaphragm, Kidneys, & Posterior Abdominal Wall Flashcards

1
Q

the _____ phrenic nerve passes through the musculature to get to the diaphragm

A

left

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2
Q

the _____ phrenic nerve passes through with the vessels to get to the diaphragm

A

right

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3
Q

_____ ____ and the ____ are posterior to the diaphragm for the most part

A
  • sympathetic trunks

- aorta

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4
Q

the phrenic nerves supply the ____ ___ of the diaphragm

A

inferior surface

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5
Q

if the phrenic nerve is injured, we loose ______

A

inspiration

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6
Q

a ____ _____ cannot contract (descend) and remains high in the thorax and is recognizable on radiographic chest films

A

paralyzed hemidiaphragm

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7
Q

at what vertebrae is the vena cava foramen?

A

T8

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8
Q

what passes through the vena cava foramen?

A

IVC

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9
Q

at what vertebrae is the esophageal hiatus?

A

T10

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10
Q

what passes through the esophageal hiatus?

A

esophagus

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11
Q

at what vertebrae is the aortic hiatus?

A

T12

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12
Q

which crus of the diaphragm is longer?

A

right (extends all the way down to L3)

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13
Q

the median arcuate ligament is the _____ ligament of the diaphragm and arches over the _____

A
  • central

- aorta

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14
Q

the two medial arcuate ligaments are _____ and arch over the _____ mm

A
  • small

- psoas mm

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15
Q

the two lateral arcuate ligaments are _____ and arch over _____ ____ mm

A
  • large

- quadratus lumborum mm

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16
Q

what two aa supply the superior surface of the diaphragm?

A
  • pericariacophrenic

- superior phrenic

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17
Q

what a supplies the inferior surface of the diaphragm?

A

inferior phrenic aa (via abdominal aorta)

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18
Q

what supplies the periphery of the diaphragm?

A

musculophrenic aa (via internal thoracic aa)

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19
Q

the kidneys are located lateral to the vertebral column at ______

A

T12-L3

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20
Q

the superior pole of the L kidney is at the ____ rib

A

11

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21
Q

the superior pole of the R kidney is at the ____ rib

A

12th

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22
Q

the kidneys are surrounded by _____ ____ and ____ _____

A
  • perirenal fat

- renal fascia

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23
Q

the kidneys ____ from the _____ during development

A
  • ascend

- pelvis

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24
Q

ascending kidney that remains anterior the sacrum

A

ectopic pelvic kidney

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25
Q

ascending kidney that is below the IMA

A

horseshoe kidney

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26
Q

ascending kidney that is placed in the lower abdomen

A

transplanted kidney

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27
Q

the renal veins are always more _____ than renal arteries

A

anterior

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28
Q

what thin layer surrounds the kidneys

A

fibrous capsule

29
Q

out 1/3 of kidney

A

renal cortex

30
Q

inner 2/3 of kidney

A

renal medulla

31
Q

the renal medulla contains the ____ ____

A

renal pyramids

32
Q

part of the kidneys that receive apex of pyramids

A

penal pappillae

33
Q

two main purposes of kidneys

A
  • filter blood
  • produce urine

*also have a role in BP

34
Q

the _____ renal artery is longer bc it passes posterior to ______

A
  • right

- IVC

35
Q

each renal artery divides into ______ aa at the ____

A
  • segmental aa

- helium

36
Q

the _____ renal vein is longer bc it passes anterior to ______

A
  • left

- aorta

37
Q

what is the flow of urine starting at the renal papillae and ending in the urethra?

A
  • renal papillae
  • minor calyces
  • major calyces
  • renal pelvis
  • ureter
  • urinary bladder
  • urethra
38
Q

the ureters cross ____ ____ mm to enter the _____

A
  • psoas major mm

- bladder

39
Q

the ureters run obliquely _____ to _____ vessels

A
  • posterior

- gonadal

40
Q

the ureters are ANTERIOR to the ___ _____a

A

external iliac a

41
Q

______ renal pelvis and ureters is fairly common

A

bifid

42
Q

_____ ureters happen only occasionally

A

retrocaval

43
Q

ureters that are posterior to either common or external iliac veins

A

retrocaval

44
Q

what are the 4 sources of ureter arteries?

A
  • renal a
  • testicular/ovarian a
  • abdominal aorta
  • internal iliac a (pelvic cavity)
45
Q

kidney stones (calculi) form in the ____ and progress to the ____ ____. they may spontaneously pass through the ______ into the _____ and are usually associated with considerable ____

A
  • kidney
  • renal pelvis
  • ureter bladder
  • pain
46
Q

larger kidney stones (~1cm) have to be _____ _____ by ultra sonic crushing via ______

A
  • surgically removed

- lithotripsy

47
Q

calculi are usually associated with ____ ____ during the descent of the stone. the region of this changes with the level of the _____

A
  • referred pain

- obstruction

48
Q

the ____ adrenal gland is roughly triangular and lies _____ to the kidney and ____ to IVC

A
  • right
  • superior
  • posterior
49
Q

the ____ adrenal gland is semilunar and lies _____ to kidney near the _____

A
  • left
  • superomedial
  • hilum
50
Q

____ ____outer portion of the adrenal gland that produces ____ _____

A
  • adrenal cortex

- adrenal steroids

51
Q

____ ___ is the inner portion of the adrenal gland that acts as _____ _____

A
  • adrenal medulla

- sympathetic ganglion

52
Q

the adrenal glands are richly vascularized due to ____ function

A

endocrine

53
Q

the 3 suprarenal aa are:

A
  • superior suprarenal aa (from inferior phrenic a)
  • middle suprarenal aa (from abdominal aa)
  • inferior suprarenal aa (from renal aa)
54
Q

the arterial supply to the posterior wall is from 4 pairs of ____ aa that are branches of the ____ ____ a

A
  • lumbar arteries

- abdominal aorta a (superior to bifurcation)

55
Q

the aorta bifurcates at the vertebrae ____

A

L4 (level of umbilicus)

56
Q

the lumbar plexus of nn is the ventral rami of _______

A

T12-L4

57
Q

the lumbar plexus is located beneath fascia of the ____ ____ ____

A

posterior abdominal mm

58
Q

the subcostal n arises at ____ and supplies sensory to _____ ____ abdominal wall. it also supplies motor to the ______ mm

A
  • T12 (1cm inferior to 12th rib)
  • anterior lateral
  • abdominal (EO, IO, TA, pyramidalis, RA, QL)
59
Q

the iliohypogastric n supplies what?

A

skin of suprapubic region (also supplies the abdominalis mm)

60
Q

the ilioinguinal n runs through the ____ ____ to supply it

A

inguinal canal (also supplies the abdominalis mm)

61
Q

the genitofemoral n pierces the ____ ___ m and then descends along its anterior suface. it then splits into a _____ branch and a ____ branch

A
  • psoas major
  • femoral
  • genital
62
Q

the genitofemoral n supplies what two things?

A
  • skin inferior and medial to inguinal ligament

- cremaster m (of spermatic cord)

63
Q

the lateral femoral cutaneous n originates at _______ and descends anteriorly to the _____ ____ and then passes deep to the ____ _____ to supply the ______ ____ of the thigh

A
  • L2-L3
  • iliacus m
  • inguinal ring
  • anterior/lateral skin
64
Q

the femoral nerve runs between what two mm?

A
  • iliacus m

- psoas major m

65
Q

the femoral n supplies what?

A
  • sensory and motor to anterior thigh

* Major nerve of the anterior thigh

66
Q

the obturator n originates at _____ and runs medial to ____ ____ m

A
  • L2-L4

- psoas major

67
Q

the obturator n supplies what?

A

sensory and motor to medial thigh

68
Q

the lumbosacral trunk is at ____ and crosses of the ____ _____ _____

A
  • L4-L5

- ala of sacrum

69
Q

the lumbosacral trunk descends into the pelvis to help form the

A

sacral plexus

Anatomy (S2)(Unit 2) (14 decks)

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