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Anatomy (S2)(Unit 2) > Gross (02.18) Lower Abdomen > Flashcards

Gross (02.18) Lower Abdomen Flashcards

1
Q

entrance to the stomach from the esophagus

A

cardiac orifice

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2
Q

exit of the stomach to the duodenum

A

pyloric sphincter

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3
Q

the stomach is lined with temporary folds called _____ that are responsible for the enzymatic digestion of food and creates _____

A
  • rugae

- chyme

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4
Q

the part of the small intestine that is fixed and relatively immobile

A

duodenum

both other parts are tethered but very mobile

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5
Q

permanent folds within the intestine that become more diffuse distally and are important with absorption

A

plicae circularis

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6
Q

the duodenum is anterior to what?

A

portal triad

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7
Q

which part of the duodenum curves around the head of the pancreas?

A

descending part

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8
Q

the _____ part of the duodenum crosses the midline at _____

A
  • inferior

- L3

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9
Q

as you go further into the small intestine, the diameter _____

A

decreases

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10
Q

_____ ______ is the remnant of the embryonic yolk sac that appears as a finger-like pouch. it is located approx 1m proximal to _______ valvle and may become ______ and mimic appendicitis.

A
  • meckel’s (ileal) diverticulum
  • ileocecal
  • inflamed
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11
Q

from proximal to distal, what are the 5 segments and two flexures of the large intestine?

A
  • cecum
  • ascending colon
  • hepatic (right) colic flexure
  • transverse colon
  • splenic (left) colic flexure
  • descending colon
  • sigmoid colon
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12
Q

triangular mesentary dealing with the appendix

A

mesoappendix

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13
Q

opens into cecum inferior to ileocecal oriface

A

veriform appendix

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14
Q

the appendix is commonly ____ but can very considerably

A

retroceccal

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15
Q

during appendicitis, vague pain begins in the _______ region and severe pain later from the ____ ____ ____

A
  • periumbilical

- right lower quadrant

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16
Q

during appendicitis, the pain is most severe of the __________ point between _____ and ______

A
  • spinoumbilical point
  • ASIS
  • umbilicus
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17
Q

three smooth m bands paralleling the length of the colon

A

teniae coli

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18
Q

outpouchings of the colon produced by teniae coli

A

haustra coli

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19
Q

fat tags found along the colon

A

epiploic appendages

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20
Q

the superior mesenteric a is the _____ major branch of the abdominal aorta (roughly ____ inferior to celiac a) and supplies up to _______ ______ of the ______ _____ via what three smaller arteries?

A
  • 2nd
  • ~1cm
  • proximal 2/3
  • transverse colon
  • –ileocolic
  • –R colic
  • –middle colic
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21
Q

the inferior mesenteria a is the ______ major branch of the abdominal aorta (roughly _____ superior to aortic bifurcation) and supplies the _____ ____ of the _____ ____ via what three smaller arteries?

A
  • 3rd
  • ~5cm
  • distal 1/3
  • transverse colon
  • –L colic
  • –sigmoid (4)
  • –superior rectal
22
Q

marginal arteries are involved with ______ around the _____

A
  • anastomoses

- colon

23
Q

what two arteries anastomose to supply the head of pancrease and duodenum?

A
  • superior pancreaticoduodenal a
  • inferior pancreaticoduodenal a

*splenic artery supplies the rest of the pancreas

24
Q

the renal arteries enter the _____ of each kidney to supply it and sends off additional branches to _____ ____ and _____

A
  • hilum
  • adrenal glands
  • ureters
25
Q

what are the two gonadal arteries?

A
  • ovarian a

- testicular a

26
Q

the ovarian a crosses of the _____ and _____ vessels before descending to the pelvis to supply the _____

A
  • ureters
  • iliac vessels
  • ovaries
27
Q

the testicular arteries cross over ____ and enter the ____ ____ before descending into scrotum to supply the ____

A
  • ureters
  • inguinal canal
  • testes
28
Q

the inferior vena cava begins at ____ level at the union of the _____ ____ veins. it returns blood from _____ ____ and _____ but NOT _____

A
  • L5
  • common iliac veins
  • lower limbs
  • muscles
  • NOT viscera (portal system does that)
29
Q

blood from the viscera is returned to the heart via the ____ ____

A

portal system

bc it needs to be filtered in the liver

30
Q

the portal vein is formed form the union of the _____ vein and the _____ _____ vv

A
  • splenic

- superior mesenteric

31
Q

in reference to the portal system, the gastric vein anastomoses with what?

A

esophageal vein

32
Q

in reference to the portal system, the paraumbilical vv anastomose with what?

A

epigastric vv

33
Q

in reference to the portal system, the superior rectal vv anastomose with what?

A

middle/inferior rectal vv

34
Q

in reference to the portal system, the colic vv anastomose with what?

A

retroperitoneal vv

35
Q

the portal system has no ____

A

valves

36
Q

_____ ____ restricts blood flow, which causes the _____vv to become enlarged, which may cause them to become dilated and _____

A
  • portal hypertension
  • caval vv
  • varicose
37
Q

in reference to the portal system, dilated esophageal vv produce what?

A

esophageal varices

38
Q

in reference to the portal system, dilated epigastric vv produce what?

A

caput medusae

39
Q

in reference to the portal system, dilated inferior and middle rectal vv produce what?

A

hemorrhoids

40
Q

the ciliac plexus is composed of what three ganglia?

A
  • aorticorenal
  • superior mesenteric
  • inferior mesenteric
41
Q

sympathetic fibers for the midgut originate from what levels?

A

T5-L2(3)

thoracolumbar

42
Q

parasympathetic fibers for the midgut originate from what levels?

A

CN X and S2-4

craniosacral

43
Q

preganglionic splanchnic nn of the abdomen synapse in ____ ____

A

collateral ganglia

44
Q

the greater splanchnic n comes off of what levels?

A

T5-9

45
Q

the lesser splancnic n comes off of what levels?

A

T10-11

46
Q

the least splanchnic n comes off of what level?

A

T12

47
Q

Preganglionic nerves from _____ travel on UPPER arterial branches while preganglionic nerves from _____ travel on lower arterial branches

A
  • CN X

- S2-4

48
Q

what are the 4 major autonomic ganglia for the abdomen?

A
  • celiac ganglia
  • superior mesenteric ganglia
  • aorticorenal ganglia
  • inferior mesenteric ganglia

*all travel with arteries of the same name

49
Q

which ganglia receive THORACIC splanchnic nn and CN X branches?

A
  • celiac g
  • superior mesenteric g
  • aorticorenal g
50
Q

which ganglia receive LUMBAR splanchnic nn and S2-4 branches?

A

inferior mesenteric g

Anatomy (S2)(Unit 2) (14 decks)

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