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Anatomy (S2)(Unit 2) > Gross (02.18) Lower Abdomen > Flashcards

Gross (02.18) Lower Abdomen Flashcards

1
Q

entrance to the stomach from the esophagus

A

cardiac orifice

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2
Q

exit of the stomach to the duodenum

A

pyloric sphincter

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3
Q

the stomach is lined with temporary folds called _____ that are responsible for the enzymatic digestion of food and creates _____

A
  • rugae

- chyme

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4
Q

the part of the small intestine that is fixed and relatively immobile

A

duodenum

both other parts are tethered but very mobile

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5
Q

permanent folds within the intestine that become more diffuse distally and are important with absorption

A

plicae circularis

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6
Q

the duodenum is anterior to what?

A

portal triad

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7
Q

which part of the duodenum curves around the head of the pancreas?

A

descending part

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8
Q

the _____ part of the duodenum crosses the midline at _____

A
  • inferior

- L3

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9
Q

as you go further into the small intestine, the diameter _____

A

decreases

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10
Q

_____ ______ is the remnant of the embryonic yolk sac that appears as a finger-like pouch. it is located approx 1m proximal to _______ valvle and may become ______ and mimic appendicitis.

A
  • meckel’s (ileal) diverticulum
  • ileocecal
  • inflamed
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11
Q

from proximal to distal, what are the 5 segments and two flexures of the large intestine?

A
  • cecum
  • ascending colon
  • hepatic (right) colic flexure
  • transverse colon
  • splenic (left) colic flexure
  • descending colon
  • sigmoid colon
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12
Q

triangular mesentary dealing with the appendix

A

mesoappendix

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13
Q

opens into cecum inferior to ileocecal oriface

A

veriform appendix

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14
Q

the appendix is commonly ____ but can very considerably

A

retroceccal

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15
Q

during appendicitis, vague pain begins in the _______ region and severe pain later from the ____ ____ ____

A
  • periumbilical

- right lower quadrant

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16
Q

during appendicitis, the pain is most severe of the __________ point between _____ and ______

A
  • spinoumbilical point
  • ASIS
  • umbilicus
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17
Q

three smooth m bands paralleling the length of the colon

A

teniae coli

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18
Q

outpouchings of the colon produced by teniae coli

A

haustra coli

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19
Q

fat tags found along the colon

A

epiploic appendages

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20
Q

the superior mesenteric a is the _____ major branch of the abdominal aorta (roughly ____ inferior to celiac a) and supplies up to _______ ______ of the ______ _____ via what three smaller arteries?

A
  • 2nd
  • ~1cm
  • proximal 2/3
  • transverse colon
  • –ileocolic
  • –R colic
  • –middle colic
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21
Q

the inferior mesenteria a is the ______ major branch of the abdominal aorta (roughly _____ superior to aortic bifurcation) and supplies the _____ ____ of the _____ ____ via what three smaller arteries?

A
  • 3rd
  • ~5cm
  • distal 1/3
  • transverse colon
  • –L colic
  • –sigmoid (4)
  • –superior rectal
22
Q

marginal arteries are involved with ______ around the _____

A
  • anastomoses

- colon

23
Q

what two arteries anastomose to supply the head of pancrease and duodenum?

A
  • superior pancreaticoduodenal a
  • inferior pancreaticoduodenal a

*splenic artery supplies the rest of the pancreas

24
Q

the renal arteries enter the _____ of each kidney to supply it and sends off additional branches to _____ ____ and _____

A
  • hilum
  • adrenal glands
  • ureters
25
what are the two gonadal arteries?
- ovarian a | - testicular a
26
the ovarian a crosses of the _____ and _____ vessels before descending to the pelvis to supply the _____
- ureters - iliac vessels - ovaries
27
the testicular arteries cross over ____ and enter the ____ ____ before descending into scrotum to supply the ____
- ureters - inguinal canal - testes
28
the inferior vena cava begins at ____ level at the union of the _____ ____ veins. it returns blood from _____ ____ and _____ but NOT _____
- L5 - common iliac veins - lower limbs - muscles - NOT viscera (portal system does that)
29
blood from the viscera is returned to the heart via the ____ ____
portal system | bc it needs to be filtered in the liver
30
the portal vein is formed form the union of the _____ vein and the _____ _____ vv
- splenic | - superior mesenteric
31
in reference to the portal system, the gastric vein anastomoses with what?
esophageal vein
32
in reference to the portal system, the paraumbilical vv anastomose with what?
epigastric vv
33
in reference to the portal system, the superior rectal vv anastomose with what?
middle/inferior rectal vv
34
in reference to the portal system, the colic vv anastomose with what?
retroperitoneal vv
35
the portal system has no ____
valves
36
_____ ____ restricts blood flow, which causes the _____vv to become enlarged, which may cause them to become dilated and _____
- portal hypertension - caval vv - varicose
37
in reference to the portal system, dilated esophageal vv produce what?
esophageal varices
38
in reference to the portal system, dilated epigastric vv produce what?
caput medusae
39
in reference to the portal system, dilated inferior and middle rectal vv produce what?
hemorrhoids
40
the ciliac plexus is composed of what three ganglia?
- aorticorenal - superior mesenteric - inferior mesenteric
41
sympathetic fibers for the midgut originate from what levels?
T5-L2(3) | thoracolumbar
42
parasympathetic fibers for the midgut originate from what levels?
CN X and S2-4 | craniosacral
43
preganglionic splanchnic nn of the abdomen synapse in ____ ____
collateral ganglia
44
the greater splanchnic n comes off of what levels?
T5-9
45
the lesser splancnic n comes off of what levels?
T10-11
46
the least splanchnic n comes off of what level?
T12
47
Preganglionic nerves from _____ travel on UPPER arterial branches while preganglionic nerves from _____ travel on lower arterial branches
- CN X | - S2-4
48
what are the 4 major autonomic ganglia for the abdomen?
- celiac ganglia - superior mesenteric ganglia - aorticorenal ganglia - inferior mesenteric ganglia *all travel with arteries of the same name
49
which ganglia receive THORACIC splanchnic nn and CN X branches?
- celiac g - superior mesenteric g - aorticorenal g
50
which ganglia receive LUMBAR splanchnic nn and S2-4 branches?
inferior mesenteric g

Anatomy (S2)(Unit 2) (14 decks)

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