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Lauren > Hip Complex > Flashcards

Hip Complex Flashcards

1
Q

What type of joint is the hip?

A

Synovial/diarthrodial ball & socket

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2
Q

What are the 3 degrees of freedom of the hip?

A
  • Flexion/Extension
  • Abduction/Adduction
  • External Rotation/Internal Rotation
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3
Q

The acetabulum is a lunate surface with a horse-shoe shaped periphery, articulates with __________ _________, & is covered with hyaline.

A

Femoral head

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4
Q

What 2 things create a tunnel allowing fibroelastic fat carrying blood vessels deep into the acetabulum?

A
  • Acetabular notch
  • Transverse acetabular ligament
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5
Q

What is the deepest portion of the acetabulum that does not articulate directly with the femoral head?

A

Acetabular fossa

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6
Q

The acetabulum is ___ degrees inferior & ___ degrees anterior (anteversion).

A
  • 50
  • 20
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7
Q

What is the term for a shallow acetabulum with decreased coverage & instability that’s often found in infancy (but can be asymptomatic in adults)?

A

Acetabular dysplasia

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8
Q

What is the term for over coverage of the acetabulum leading to impingement?

A

Coxa profunda

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9
Q

(Anteversion/Retroversion) leads to instability while (Anteversion/Retroversion) leads to over coverage.

A
  • Anteversion
  • Retroversion
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10
Q

What is the angle that includes coverage of the femoral head & connects the lateral rim & center of the femoral head?

A

Center edge angle

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11
Q

What is the typical range of the center edge angle? If it’s less, what does that indicate? How about more?

A
  • 22-50
  • Less: Dysplasia
  • More: Impingement
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12
Q

What is the measurement of acetabular depth, from line parallel to teardrops on X-ray to lateral acetabulum?

A

Acetabular inclination

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13
Q

What is the typical range of acetabular inclination? If it’s more, what does that indicate?

A
  • 32-45
  • More: Dysplasia
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14
Q

What is the term for the ring of wedge-shaped fibrocartilage that deepens the socket & increases concavity?

A

Acetabular labrum

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15
Q

What ligament does the acetabular labrum blend with?

A

Transverse acetabular ligament

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16
Q

True or False: Femoral head & fovea are rounded with hyaline cartilage.

A

False (only head)

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17
Q

What ligament is attached to the femoral fovea?

A

Ligamentum teres (ligament of head of femur)

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18
Q

The femoral head faces in which directions with respect to femoral shaft & condyles?

A
  • Medially
  • Superiorly
  • Anteriorly
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19
Q

What plane is the angle of inclination of the femur measured in?

A

Frontal

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20
Q

How many degrees is the angle of inclination of the femur? Which population is it greater or less in?

A
  • 125
  • Greater: Children
  • Less: Women
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21
Q

What is the abnormality when there’s an increased angle of inclination of the femur?

A

Coxa valga

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22
Q

Coxa valga is associated structurally with genu (valgum/varum).

A

Varum

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23
Q

What is the abnormality when there’s a decreased angle of inclination of the femur?

A

Coxa vara

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24
Q

True or False: Coxa valga has increased shear on neck, MA abductors, coverage –> instability, impingement.

A

False (vara)

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25
Q

Coxa (valga/vara) increases risk of SCFE.

A

Vara

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26
Q

What plane is the angle of torsion of the femur measured in?

A

Transverse

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27
Q

Which angle measures the axis through the femoral head/neck & femoral condyles?

A

Angle of torsion

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28
Q

What is the range of angle of torsion & direction?

A

10-20 anteriorly

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29
Q

What range of angle of torsion correlates with anteversion?

A

15-20

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30
Q

What range of angle of torsion correlates with retroversion?

A

< 10-15

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31
Q

(Anteversion/Retroversion) has increased IR, decreased ER, & decreased stability.

A

Anteversion

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32
Q

Anteversion with angle of torsion would be anteversion (hip) or medial femoral torsion at the ________.

A

Knee

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33
Q

True or False: There’s more articular surface on the acetabulum than the femur.

A

False

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34
Q

When standing, the femoral head is exposed in which 2 directions?

A
  • Anteriorly
  • Superiorly
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35
Q

Most joint congruence occurs during which 3 motions especially with weight-bearing?

A
  • Flexion
  • Abduction
  • External Rotation (slight)
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36
Q

What structure may add a partial vacuum that adds stability from atmospheric pressure?

A

Fossa

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37
Q

What 2 tests can be used to find acetabular dysplasia in infancy?

A
  • Barlow
  • Ortolani
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38
Q

The joint capsule is irregular, dense fibrous tissue with ___ thickened capsular ligaments.

A

3

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39
Q

True or False: The joint capsule is thickest anterior-superiorly & thinnest posterior-inferiorly.

A

True

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40
Q

The joint capsule is attached from the acetabulum to the base of the femoral ________.

A

Neck

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41
Q

What carries blood vessels that provide nutrition to the femoral head/neck?

A

Retinacular fibers

42
Q

The femoral neck is (intra/extra)capsular & greater/lesser trochanters are (intra/extra)capsular.

A
  • Intra
  • Extra
43
Q

Which hip bursae is trochanteric & reduces friction between posterior facet, glute max, ITB, & greater trochanter?

44
Q

Anterior hip bursae includes glute _______ bursa & iliopsoas bursa.

45
Q

Which hip bursae is ischiogluteal?

46
Q

Ligamentum teres is (intra/extra)articular & (intra/extra)synovial.

A
  • Intra
  • Extra
47
Q

Ligamentum teres attaches from acetabular notch under transverse acetabular ligament to where?

A

Femur fovea

48
Q

What provides secondary blood supply to the femoral head?

A

Ligamentum teres

49
Q

Ligamentum teres provides restraint for which motion at the hip when in > 90 degrees of hip flexion?

50
Q

Which ligament is fan-shaped & goes from AIIS to intertrochanteric line?

A

Iliopsores ligament (Y ligament of Bigelow)

51
Q

Iliopsores ligament is the primary stabilizing component of (anterior/posterior) hip.

52
Q

Iliopsores ligament resists excessive (internal/external) rotation especially when hip is neutral or flexed.

53
Q

Which ligament is from the pubic portion of the acetabular rim to the iliopectineal eminence?

A

Pubofemoral

54
Q

Pubofemoral ligament forms a sling that supports (superior/inferior) femoral neck & connects fibers between iliofemoral & ischiofemoral.

55
Q

Pubofemoral ligament resists ER when the hip is __________.

56
Q

Which ligament attaches to the posterior surface of the acetabular rim & labrum?

A

Ischiofemoral

57
Q

Ischiofemoral ligament is the primary restraint to (internal/external) rotation.

58
Q

What are the 3 motions that comprise close-packed position?

A
  • Extension
  • Abduction (slight)
  • Internal Rotation
59
Q

What are the 3 motions that comprise loose-packed position?

A
  • Flexion (mid-range)
  • Abduction (slight)
  • Mid-rotation
60
Q

True or False: Capsule & ligaments are taut in hyperextension & support 2/3 of body weight without muscular assistance.

61
Q

Line of Gravity falls (anterior/posterior) to hip –> extension moment.

62
Q

The hip is most vulnerable to dislocation (posterior) in __________ & __________.

A

Flexion & adduction

63
Q

What lines up against stress lines?

A

Trabeculae

64
Q

Most weightbearing stresses in pelvis pass from where to the acetabulum?

65
Q

Femoral head transfers forces to shaft –> creating bending moment across femoral neck resulting in:

A
  • Superior compressive forces
  • Inferior tensile forces
66
Q

What type of force is being created between HAT & GRF?

67
Q

Which trabecular system resists vertical compressive forces through the femoral head?

68
Q

Which trabecular system resists shear forces of bodyweight of HAT & GRF?

69
Q

Peak contact pressures during unilateral stance are located near the superior aspect of the acetabulum _________ which shows the greatest prevalence of degeneration.

70
Q

True or False: Women have smaller contact area & higher peak stress during unilateral stance.

71
Q

The primary weight-bearing area of the femoral head is (superiorly/inferiorly) & degenerative changes include loss of ball shape & flattening.

A

Superiorly

72
Q

(Convex/Concave) femoral head on (convex/concave) acetabulum.

A
  • Convex
  • Concave
73
Q

The femoral head spins _________ with flexion & ________ with extension.

A
  • Posteriorly
  • Anteriorly
74
Q

The femoral head will roll ________ & glide ________ during hip abduction.

A
  • Superior
  • Inferior
75
Q

The femoral head will roll ________ & glide _________ during hip adduction.

A
  • Inferior
  • Superior
76
Q

The femoral head will roll __________, glide ________ during internal rotation.

A
  • Anterior
  • Posterior
77
Q

The femoral head will roll _________, glide ________ during external rotation.

A
  • Posterior
  • Anterior
78
Q

How many degrees of flexion occurs when the knee is extended? When the knee is flexed?

79
Q

What range of extension occurs?

80
Q

What range of abduction occurs? How about adduction?

A

Abd: 45-50
Add: 20-30

81
Q

What range of internal rotation & external rotation occur?

82
Q

Normal gait on level ground requires:

A

30 degrees of flexion
10 degrees of extension
5 degrees of both abduction & adduction
5 degrees of both internal & external rotation

83
Q

If the opposite side of the pelvis hikes, the stance hips (abduct/adduct).

84
Q

Lateral pelvic shift in bilateral stance: (abduct/adduct) on shift side & (abduct/adduct) on opposite.

A
  • Adduct
  • Abduct
85
Q

Forward rotation: non-weight-bearing pelvis moves anteriorly & produces (internal/external) rotation of the weight-bearing hip.

86
Q

Is there larger ROM when the head or leg moves through space to produce hip, pelvic, & spine motion?

87
Q

Sidelying leg lift: hip (adduct/abduct), lateral pelvic tilt, ________ side bend.

A
  • Abduct
  • Lumbar
88
Q

What 2 reflexes help head fixation upright & vertical?

A
  • Tonic labyrinthine
  • Optical righting
89
Q

Piriformis ER in (flexion/extension) & IR in (flexion/extension).

A
  • Extension
  • Flexion
90
Q

What group of hip muscles bring the swing limb forward during gait?

91
Q

What are the 4 primary hip flexors?

A
  • Iliopsoas
  • Rectus femoris
  • TFL
  • Sartorius
92
Q

Iliopsoas hip flexion: APT, lumbar _________, hip flexion in sitting.

93
Q

Rectus femoris biggest contribution to hip flexion when the knee is __________.

94
Q

What motions does sartorius do at the hip? How about at the knee?

A
  • Hip: Flexion, Abduction, External Rotation
  • Knee: Flexion, Internal Rotation
95
Q

Which group of hip muscles can help flex the hip from extension & extend from flexion?

96
Q

What are the 5 hip adductors?

A
  • Pectineus
  • Adductor brevis
  • Adductor longus
  • Adductor magnus
  • Gracilis
97
Q

__________ is a 2 joint hip adductor that can help flex the hip if the knee is extended.

98
Q

Glute max is a 1 joint hip extensor that can also (medially/laterally) rotate.

99
Q

When does glute max have the longest MA/peak efficiency for extension?

A

Hip flexed 70 degrees

100
Q

What 3 muscles assist the hip extensors?

A
  • Posterior glute med
  • Posterior adductor magnus
  • Piriformis

Lauren (58 decks)

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