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Lauren > Cognition/Consciousness > Flashcards

Cognition/Consciousness Flashcards

1
Q

cognition

A

the process by which we come to know the world
- ability to attend to external stimuli
- ability to identify significance of stimuli
- ability to make meaningful responses

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2
Q

association cortices

A

Association cortices (or association areas) are regions of the cerebral cortex that are not directly involved in primary sensory or motor functions.
Instead, they integrate and interpret information from various parts of the brain

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3
Q

inputs to association cortices

A

projections FROM
- primary and secondary sensory/motor cortices
- thalamus
- brainstem

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4
Q

outputs from association cortices

A

project TO
- hippocampus
- basal ganglia
- cerebellum
- thalamus
- other association areas

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5
Q

temporoparietal association cortex

A

cognitive intelligence
verbal/spatial intelligence
nonverbal communication

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6
Q

Frontal lobe association areas

A

dorsolateral prefrontal areas
medial dorsal prefrontal area
ventral prefrontal cortex

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7
Q

dorsolateral prefrontal cortex

A

self awareness
executive functions
goal setting
planning

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8
Q

medial dorsal prefrontal cortex

A

emotional intelligence
-perceives others emotions

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9
Q

ventral prefrontal cortex

A

connects with areas of mood and AFFECT
- outward display of emotion

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10
Q

what is the result of damage to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex

A

difficulty planning, initiating monitoring, maintaining behavior

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11
Q

what is the result of damage to the ventral prefrontal cortex

A

social judgements impaired, inappropriate behaviors

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12
Q

what is the result of damage to the ventromedial prefrontal cortex

A

apathetic and lack of insight

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13
Q

what is the result of damage to the medial dorsal prefrontal cortex

A

understanding of others emotions is impaired

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14
Q

what type of fiber is the corpus callosum

A

commissural

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15
Q

Dominant hemisphere (usually L)

A

ANALYTICAL/LOGIC
-language
-motor planning
-math: analytical calculations
-music: reading music
-sense of direction: following written directions

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16
Q

Non-dominant hemisphere ( usually R)

A

PICTORAL/EMOTIONAL/VISUOSPATIAL
-prosody: tone of voice
-visual spatial analysis
-math: estimating quantities
-music: emotional side

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17
Q

medial/lateral frontoparietal association cortex

A

part of consciousness system

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18
Q

alertness

A

the state of being awake, aroused, and responsive to stimuli—both from the environment and from within (like thoughts or sensations)

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19
Q

structures associated with alertness

A

brainstem (reticular activating system), diencephalic arousal circuits, cortex

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20
Q

attention

A

the brain processes that allocate resources to what matters

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21
Q

what structures are associated with attention

A

R temporoparietal cortex

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22
Q

sustained attention

A

vigilance, concentration, non-distractibility
- continue an activity over time

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23
Q

switching attention

A

change from 1 task to another

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24
Q

selective attention

A

able to focus on something more than other things

25
divided attention
performing 2 or more tasks at a time - multi-tasking
26
what do people need in order to be attentive?
awake/alert state
27
attentional disorders
dual task deficit Neglect ADD/ADHD motor impersistence
28
motor impersistence
inability to maintain a position for an extended period of time due to loss of attention - have muscular ability to do so
29
awareness
ability to combine higher order systems from various parts of the brain into united, efficient summary of mental activity
30
reticular formation
- runs along the tegmentum of the entire brainstem - arousal system
31
rostral reticular formation
- reticular formation of midbrain/upper pons - maintains alert conscious state
32
caudal reticular formation
- reticular formation of the lower pons/medulla - carries out motor, reflex, and autonomic functions
33
Neurotransmitters that drive consciousness
serotonin NE Ach dopamine
34
serotonin
- secreted from raphe nucleus (midline of brainstem) - generalized arousal level
35
norepinephrine
- secreted from locus coeruleus - attention and autonomic functions
36
Ach
- secreted from pedunculopontine nucleus - selection of object of attention based on goals
37
dopamine
- secreted from ventral segmental area (and substantia nigra) - motivation, cognitive, motor activity
38
is the substantia nigra part of consciousness?
NO
39
lesions to which structures cause coma?
- rostral reticular formation - B cerebral cortex - B thalamus
40
coma
UNCONSCIOUS, no response to stimuli, not awake
41
persistent vegetative state
AWAKE but NOT AWARE - spontaneous eye movements - regular sleep cycles - normal RR
42
minimally conscious state
1 SIGN OF CONSCIOUSNESS
43
locked in syndrome
FULLY CONSCIOUS - inability to produce motor function
44
How can PT's activate RAS?
- auditory - cognition - positioning/mvmt - hot/cool packs - pain: deep pressure - bright lights -proprioception: joint approximation - smell
45
Wernickes area
- language COMPREHENSION - L temoroparietal cortex
46
brocas area
-language PRODUCTION - inf frontal lobe close to primary motor cortex
47
non-dominant area equivalent to wernickes (R temporoparietal cortex)
nonverbal communication - understanding facial expressions, tone of voice
48
non-dominant area equivalent to Broca's (R inferior frontal gyrus)
instructs which tone of voice YOU will use
49
wernickes aphasia
- cannot comprehend language - cannot read, can write (but words do not have meaning) -paraphasic erros: unintended words - neologisms: made up words - anomia: cannot name objects
50
broca's aphasia
-cannot express language --> frustrated -can read, cannot write
51
conduction aphasia
damage to arcuate fasciculus (connecting Brocas and Wernickes) --> can understand language, but struggle repeating words/phrases
52
logorrhea
excessive word production
53
verbal perseveration
repeating words/phrases
54
confabulation
tell long/elaborate story that is made up (but they think it is true) -without intent to deceive
55
Alexia/dyslexia
inability to read - comprehension disorder
56
agraphia
inability to write - production disorder
57
communication disorders that are not language disorders
oral motor dyspraxia dysarthria
58

Lauren (90 decks)

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