Neuro L.4 Main Concepts Flashcards
What is the flow of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?
Choroid plexus → lateral ventricle → interventricular foramen → 3rd ventricle → cerebral aqueduct → 4th ventricle → foramen of Luschka or Magendie → subarachnoid space
What are the borders of the lateral ventricle?
Superior: corpus callosum
Inferior: thalamus
What are the borders of the 3rd ventricle?
Superior: thalamus
Inferior: hypothalamus
What are the borders of the 4th ventricle?
Anterior: pons/medulla
Posterior: cerebellum
What is the blood supply of the medial frontal and parietal lobes?
Anterior cerebral artery (ACA) → contralateral lower extremity (LE)
What is the blood supply of the lateral frontal, parietal, and temporal lobes?
Middle cerebral artery (MCA) → contralateral face/upper extremity (UE)
What is the blood supply of the inferior temporal occipital lobe?
Posterior cerebral artery (PCA) → cortical blindness and declarative memory
What is the venous flow from the cortex?
Superior sagittal sinus (drains cortex) → confluence of sinuses
Inferior sagittal sinus → straight sinus ↗
Transverse sinus ↓
Sigmoid ↓
Internal jugular vein
What is an epidural hematoma?
Fracture of pterion → arterial blood accumulation → quick deterioration
What is a subdural hematoma?
Venous blood accumulation → slow progression
What are the symptoms of congenital hydrocephalus?
Worsening gait, incontinence, headache (HA)
What is communicating hydrocephalus?
Blockage below the 4th ventricle
What is noncommunicating hydrocephalus?
Blockage of the cerebral aqueduct
What is cingulate herniation?
Pressure on cingulate gyrus → pressure on falx cerebri → contralateral lower extremity deficits
What is uncal herniation?
Pressure on uncus on midbrain → cranial nerve III dysfunction
What is central herniation?
Pressure of diencephalon on brainstem → bilateral paralysis, impaired consciousness, oculomotor dysfunction
What is tonsillar herniation?
Pressure of cerebellar tonsils on brainstem → impaired consciousness, Chiari malformation
