Cardiac Checkout Flashcards
pulse grades
0: absent
1+: faint
2+: slightly diminished
3+: normal
4+: bounding
what tests can be done to assess venous function?
venous insufficiency
DVT w/ BP cuff
signs/symptoms of venous insufficiency
varicose veins, edema, bluish/purplish/brown discoloration
signs/symptoms of DVT
swelling, inflammation, redness/ashy
what is the normal vein refill time?
15-20 seconds
*if <15, vascular pathology
For the Lowenberg calf test, what is indicative of a DVT
calf pain with <40 mmHg
signs/symptoms of arterial insufficiency
dry skin, hairless, cool to touch, weak pulses
arterial insufficiency tests
capillary refill
Buerger’s Test
what arterial refill time is indicative of arterial insufficiency with the Buerger’s test?
> 1-2 minutes
what capillary refill time is potentially indicative of arterial insufficiency
> 2 seconds
what is the difference between the venous insufficiency test and the Buerger’s test?
venous insufficiency: 60 degrees ankle pumps 1-2 mins
- look at dorsal veins
Buerger’s: ONE LEG AT A TIME 45 degrees no pumping 3 mins
- look at soles of feet
if the soles of the feet are pale during the 3 mins of leg elevation, what does that indicate?
ischemia: peripheral arterial pressure is inadequate to overcome the effects of gravity
the poorer the arterial supply, the ______ the angle to which the legs have to be raised for them to become pale.
less
what is the difference in venous insufficiency and arterial insufficiency when the legs go from elevated to EOB?
if venous insufficiency: blood will rush to the feet since the valves are not working
if arterial insufficiency: blood will return to feet slower
normal BP
120/80
pre-hypertensive BP
120-129/80
stage 1 hypertension BP
130-139/80-89
stage 2 hypertension BP
> 140/>90
location of aortic valve
R 2nd intercostal space
location of pulmonic valve
L 2nd intercostal space
location of tricuspid valve
L 4th intercostal space
location of mitral valve
L 5th intercostal space
S1 sound
closure of mitral +tricuspid valves (higher frequency)
S2 sound
closure of the aortic and pulmonic valves (lower frequency)
S3 sound
- after S2
- slow ventricular filling at early diastole from excess volume in atria
- sign of heart failure
S4 sound
-before S1
- exaggerated atrial kick forcing blood into stiff ventricle
-sign go HTN
location of R lung upper lobe (ant)
ICS 1-4
auscultation sites 1, 4 for R side
location of R lung middle lobe (ant)
ICS 4-6
auscultation sites 5, 8 for R side
location of R lung lower lobe (ant)
ICS 6 (laterally)
auscultation sites 9, 12
location of L lung upper lobe (ant)
above T3
auscultation sites 2, 3, 6, 7
location of L lung lower lobe (ant)
below T3
auscultation sites 10, 11
Bronchial lung sounds
loud, high pitch
over manubrium
EXPIRATORY SOUND
vesicular lung sound
most predominant lung sound
soft, low pitch
over most of both lungs
INSPIRATORY SOUND
Broncho-vesicular lung sound
intermediate pitch and sound
1-2 ICS and between scapulas
INSPIRATORY AND EXPIRATORY SOUND
what is the TUG used to assess?
balance/fall risk
what are contraindications for TUG
significant cognitive impairment or neurological conditions
how many meters is the TUG
3
what is the cut off score for community dwelling adults
> 13.5 s
what is the 10m walk test used to assess?
gait speed
what are contraindications for 10m walk test
assist device
what is the healthy adult cut off for the 10m walk test
0.7 m/s
what is the 6 minute walk test used to assess?
exercise capacity and functional activities
how many meters is the 6 minute walk test
30
what are contraindications for the 6 min walk test
MI, unstable angina, HTN
what is the 2 minute walk test used to assess?
aerobic capacity
what are contraindications for the 2 min walk test?
assistive device/physical assistance needed
how many meters is the 2 minute walk test
15-20 m
what are contraindications for the 5x STS
dizziness, chest pain, rapid HR
what is the 30 second STS used to assess?
LE strength, risk of falls
what is the 2 minute step test used to assess?
functional abilities
what are contraindications for the 2 minute step test?
CHF, joint pain, chest pain, dizziness, angina, stage 2 HTN
what vital should you take for a chair step test?
HR
what is the chair step test used to assess?
exercise tolerance - used to calc VO2 max for patients with pulmonary disease
what are contraindications for the chair step test?
rapid HR, high BP, deconditioned
what are the 4 stages of the chair step test
Stage 1: 60x/min for 3 min @ 6 in
Stage 2: 60x/min for 3 min @ 12 in
Stage 3: 60x/min for 3 min @ 18 in
Stage 4: 60x/min for 3 min @ 18 in w/ ipso arm raise
