Hildegard Peplau Flashcards
is a nurse theorist who created the Theory of Interpersonal Relations
was an American nurse who is the only one to serve the American Nurses Association (ANA) as Executive Director and later as President.
Hildegard Peplau
“Mother of Psychiatric Nursing”
“Nurse of the Century.”
Hildegard Peplau
theory that influenced by Henry Stack Sullivan, Percival Symonds, Abraham Maslow, and Neal Elgar Miller
Theory of Interpersonal Relations
emphasized the nurse-client relationship as the foundation of nursing practice.
emphasized the give-and-take of nurse-client relationships that was seen by many as revolutionary.
Theory of Interpersonal Relations
The four components
person
environment
health
nursing
4 phases in the interpersonal relationship:
orientation, identification, exploitation, and resolution
7 nursing roles:
S, RP, T, C, S, L, TE
Stranger, Resource person, Teacher, Counselor, Surrogate, Leader, and Technical expert.
an organism that “strives in its own way to reduce tension generated by needs.”
Man
“a word symbol that implies forward movement of personality and other ongoing human processes in the direction of creative, constructive, productive, personal, and community living.”
Health
does not directly address but she does encourage the nurse to consider the patient’s culture and mores when the patient adjusts to the hospital routine.
Society or Environment
a “significant, therapeutic, interpersonal process.” She defines it as a “human relationship between an individual who is sick, or in need of health services, and a nurse specially educated to recognize and to respond to the need for help.”
Nursing
client meets the nurse as a stranger
Defining the problem and deciding the type of service needed
Client seeks assistance, conveys needs, asks questions, shares preconceptions and expectations of past experiences.
Nurse responds, explains roles to the client, identifies problems, and uses available resources and services
Orientation Phase
Selection of appropriate professional assistance
Patient begins to have a feeling of belonging and a capability of dealing with the problem, which decreases the feeling of helplessness and hopelessness.
Identification Phase
the client makes full use of the services offered
Use of professional assistance for problem-solving alternatives
They may make minor requests or attention-getting techniques.
Patient may fluctuate on independence.
Nurse must be aware of the various phases of communication.
Exploitation Phase
the client no longer needs professional services and gives up dependent behavior. The relationship ends.
patient drifts away and breaks the nurse’s bond, and a healthier emotional balance is demonstrated, and both become mature individuals.
Resolution Phase
offering the client the same acceptance and courtesy that the nurse would respond to any stranger
Stranger
providing specific answers to questions within a larger context
Resource person
helping the client to learn formally or informally
Teacher
offering direction to the client or group
Leader
serving as a substitute for another such as a parent or a sibling
Surrogate
promoting experiences leading to health for the client such as expression of feelings
Counselor
providing physical care for the patient and operates equipment
Technical Expert
was defined as the initial response to a psychic threat.
Anxiety
is a positive state of heightened awareness and sharpened senses, allowing the person to learn new behaviors and solve problems.
The person can take in all available stimuli (perceptual field).
Mild anxiety
involves a decreased perceptual field (focus on the immediate task only); the person can learn a new behavior or solve problems only with assistance.
Another person can redirect the person to the task.
Moderate anxiety
involves feelings of dread and terror.
The person cannot be redirected to a task; he or she focuses only on scattered details and has physiologic symptoms of tachycardia, diaphoresis, and chest pain.
Severe anxiety
can involve loss of rational thought, delusions, hallucinations, and complete physical immobility and muteness. The person may bolt and run aimlessly, often exposing himself or herself to injury.
Panic anxiety
