Dorothy Johnson Flashcards
was one of the greatest nursing theorists who developed the “Behavioral System Model.”
Dorothy E. Johnson
Her nursing model states that “each individual has patterned, purposeful, repetitive ways of acting that comprises a behavioral system specific to that individual.”
Behavioral System Model of Nursing
It advocates fostering efficient and effective behavioral functioning in the patient to prevent illness and stresses the importance of research-based knowledge about the effect of nursing care on patients.
Behavioral System Model of Nursing
The patient is identified as a behavioral system composed of seven behavioral subsystems:
(a, a, a, d, i, e, s)
affiliative, aggressive, achievement, dependency, ingestive, eliminative, and sexual
Man is a system that indicates the state of the system through behaviors.
Behavioral system
That which functions as a whole under organized independent interaction of its parts.
System
A mini system is maintained concerning the entire system when it or the environment is not disturbed.
Subsystem
The parts of the system that make up the whole.
Structure
Factors outside the system influence the system’s behavior, but the system lacks the power to change.
Variables
The point that differentiates the interior of the system from the exterior.
Boundaries
Process of maintaining stability.
Homeostasis
Balance or steady-state in maintaining a balance of behavior within an acceptable range.
Stability
Her model was greatly influenced by Florence Nightingale’s book, Notes on Nursing
Behavioral System Model of Nursing
A stimulus from the internal or external world that results in stress or instability.
Stressor
The system’s adjustment to demands, change or growth, or to actual disruptions.
Tension
State in which the system output of energy depletes the energy needed to maintain stability.
Instability
The predisposition to act. It implies that despite having only a few alternatives to select a behavioral response, the individual will rank those options and choose the option considered most desirable.
Set
Consequences or purposes of action.
Function
Attachment or affiliative subsystem is the “social inclusion intimacy and the formation and attachment of a strong social bond.” It is probably the most critical because it forms the basis for all social organizations. On a general level, it provides survival and security. Its consequences are social inclusion, intimacy, and the formation and maintenance of a strong social bond.
Attachment or affiliative subsystem
Eliminative subsystem states that “human cultures have defined different socially acceptable behaviors for excretion of waste, but the existence of such a pattern remains different from culture to culture.” It addresses “when, how, and under what conditions we eliminate.” As with the ingestive subsystem, the social and psychological factors influence the biological aspects of this subsystem and may conflict with the eliminative subsystem.
Eliminative subsystem
A sexual subsystem is both a biological and social factor that affects behavior. It has the dual functions of procreation and gratification. Including, but not limited to, courting and mating, this response system begins with the development of gender role identity and includes a broad range of sex-role behaviors.
Sexual subsystem
The aggressive subsystem relates to protection and self-preservation, generating a defense response when there is a threat to life or territory. Its function is protection and preservation. Society demands that limits be placed on self-protection modes and that people and their property be respected and protected.
Aggressive subsystem
The achievement subsystem provokes behavior that tries to control the environment. It attempts to manipulate the environment. Its function is to control or mastery an aspect of self or environment to some standard of excellence. Areas of achievement behavior include intellectual, physical, creative, mechanical, and social skills.
Achievement subsystem
The dependency subsystem is the “approval, attention or recognition and physical assistance.” In the broadest sense, it promotes helping behavior that calls for a nurturing response. Its consequences are approval, attention or recognition, and physical assistance. Developmentally, dependency behavior evolves from almost total dependence on others to a greater degree of dependence on self. A certain amount of interdependence is essential for the survival of social groups.
Dependency subsystem
An ingestive subsystem is the “emphasis on the meaning and structures of the social events surrounding the occasion when the food is eaten.” It should not be seen as the input and output mechanisms of the system. All subsystems are distinct subsystems with their own input and output mechanisms. The ingestive subsystem “has to do with when, how, what, how much, and under what conditions we eat.”
Ingestive subsystem
having two major systems: the biological system and the behavioral system. It is the role of medicine to focus on the biological system, whereas nursing focuses on the behavioral system.
Human Beings
not directly defined, but it is implied to include all elements of the human system’s surroundings and includes interior stressors.
Environment
seen as the opposite of illness, and Johnson defines it as “some degree of regularity and constancy in behavior
Health
seen as “an external regulatory force that acts to preserve the organization and integrate the patient’s behavior at an optimal level under those conditions in which the behavior constitutes a threat to physical or social health or in which illness is found.”
Nursing
