Higher level Enzymes Flashcards
what is an active site?
The Active site is the part of the enzyme that combines with
the substrate.
It is not a rigid shape and changes shape slightly when the
enzyme comes in contact with the substrate.
What odes it mean by the substrate inducing the active site?
Often the active site is larger than the substrate so the active site changes shape slightly so that when they come in contact the substrate fits precisely into the active site.
Explain the steps of the induced fit model
The substrate combines with the active site of the enzyme.
The active site is induced or caused to change shape slightly
by the substrate.
The substrate and enzyme form an enzyme-substrate
complex. The bonds in the substrate are altered so that the
substrate changes into the products.
The products leave the active site.
The active site returns to
its original shape and is ready for a new substrate.
What does enzyme specificity mean?
Enzyme specificity means that each enzyme will react with
only one particular substrate
What does optimum ph mean?
Optimum pH refers to the pH at which the enzyme will work
best.
Pepsin 2 and other enzymes 6-8
What does optimum temperature mean?
Optimum temperature refers to the temperature at which the
enzyme will work best
20-10 degrees for plant enzymes and 37 for animal enzymes
What causes denaturation?
Proteins heated above 40o
Outside optimum ph.
Some chemicals and radiation.
What is a denatured enzyme?
A denatured enzyme has lost its shape and can no longer
carry out its function.
What is the affect of denaturation on an enzyme?
It causes the enzymes to lost their 3d shape so the active site loses its shape and therefore its ability to bind with the correct substrate so loses its biological activity.
Why can ATP not store energy for long?
ATP cannot store energy for very long it breaks down
releasing energy and converting back to ADP
What does ADP stand for?
ADP is an abbreviation for Adenosine Diphosphate and is a low energy molecule found in all organisms cells
What happens if another phosphate is added to ADP?
It forms ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)
Extra energy is also added as there is an extra bond between
the last two phosphate groups.
what IS THE PROCESS CALLED WHERE BY A PHOSPHATE GROUP IS ADDED TO A MOLECULE?
Addition of a phosphate like this is called Phosphorylation.
What happen with ATP when it breaks down and explain its use
When ATP breaks down it releases energy and a phosphate to form ATP. The energy is released from the last bond between the two phosphate groups.
It is used to carry out reactions in cells as it provides energy for cells so they can perform cell functions. Eg brain activity and protein production
What happens when an extra phosphate is added to ADP?
It forms atp
Extra energy is added in the form of an unstable bond between the last two phosphate group
Atp is an energy rich compound
