ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

Question 1

WHAT IS AN ENDOCRINE GLAND?

Answer 1

Endocrine glands are ductless glands. They release hormones into the bloodstream, e.g. , pituitary gland, pancreas.

Question 2

WHAT IS AN EXOCRINE GLAND

Answer 2

Exocrine glands are glands that release their products into ducts or tubes, e.g. sweat glands, testes, pancreas.

Question 3

DEFINE HORMONE

Answer 3

Hormone: a chemical messenger produced by an endocrine gland and carried in the bloodstream to another part of the body, where it has a specific effect.

Question 4

WHAT ARE MOST HORMONES MADE OF

Answer 4

PROTEIN

Question 5

WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE NERVOUS AND ENDOCRINE SYSTEM?

Answer 5

ENDOCRINE- slow response, long lasting response, chemical messenger, affects more than one area

nervous- fast response, short lasting, electrical response, affects a specific area

Question 6

what is the pituitary galnd

Answer 6

Master gland because it produces a range of hormones that
regulate other endocrine glands.

Question 7

what does the pituitary galnd produce

Answer 7

It produces LH – luteinising hormone, FSH – follicle
stimulating hormone and GH – growth hormone.

Growth hormone GH causes body cells to absorb amino
acids which causes protein formation.

Question 8

where is the pituaitary gland located

Answer 8

base of the brain

Question 9

whre is the hypothalsus found

Answer 9

in the brain

Question 10

what does the hypothalamus produce

Answer 10

Produces ADH (anti-diuretic hormone).

ADH causes water to be reabsorbed in the kidneys.

Question 11

where is the pineal galnd found

Answer 11

brain

Question 12

what does the pineal gland produce

Answer 12

It produces a number of hormones including melatonin.

Melatonin is thought to be involved with sleep and activity
patterns.

Question 13

where is the thyROID gland found

Answer 13

AT the trachea

looks like a H

Question 14

WHAT IS PRODUCED BY THE THYROID GLAND

Answer 14

Produces thyroxine.

Thyroxine controls the rate of metabolism.

Question 15

WHAT DOES THE THYMUS GLAND PRODUCE

Answer 15

Produces thymosin

Thymosin causes lymphocytes (WBC) to mature and become
active.

Question 15

WHAT DO PARATHYROID PRODUCE

Answer 15

Produce parathormone.

Parathormone stimulates the release of calcium from
bones into blood plasma.

Question 16

WHERE ARE PARATHYROIDS FOUND

Answer 16

Located in the thyroid gland.

Question 17

WHERE ARE THE ADRENAL GLANDS FOUND

Answer 17

Adrenals located on top of each kidney.

Question 18

WHERE IS THE THYMUS GLAND LOCATED

Answer 18

Located behind the breastbone in the upper chest.

Question 19

WHAT ARE THE GONADS

Answer 19

Produce Adrenaline.

Adrenaline helps the body to respond more efficiently to
stress.

Question 20

WHAT DO THE ADRENAL GLAND PRODUCE

Answer 20

Produce Adrenaline.

Adrenaline helps the body to respond more efficiently to
stress.

Question 21

WHAT ORGAN H IS Both an endocrine and an exocrine gland.

Answer 21

PANCREAS

Question 22

WHAT IS PRODUCED IN THE GONADS

Answer 22

The hormones produced include testosterone, oestrogen
and progesterone and are involved in the reproductive
systems of the animal.

Question 23

WHAT IS THE EXOCRINE FUNCTION OF THE PANCREAS

Answer 23

The exocrine part produces digestive enzymes which are
released into the pancreatic duct (common bile duct)

Question 24

WHAT IS THE ENDOCRINE FUCNTION OF THE PANCREAS

Answer 24

The endocrine part are the Islets of Langerhans, where insulin is produced.

Question 25

WHAT DOES INSULIN DO

Answer 25

It reduces blood glucose levels by causing muscle and fat cells to absorb glucose where it is then used in respiration or converted into glycogen and stored in muscles and the liver.

Question 26

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE ISLETS OF LANGHERANS

Answer 26

Insulin is responsible for controlling and reducing the glucose levels of the blood.

Question 27

what are the symptoms of goitre

Answer 27

Tiredness, lack of energy, slow mental and physical activity, weight gain caused by a build up of fluid under the skin. Collectively this is called myxoedema.

Question 28

NAME A THYROXINE DEFICINEY

Answer 28

Goitre

Question 29

what does goitre cause

Answer 29

a reduced metabolic rate

Question 30

what can be done as treatment for goitre

Answer 30

Thyroxine tablets or iodine can be taken to prevent myxoedema.

Question 31

name a condition caused by thyroxine excess

Answer 31

graves disease

Question 32

hat is graves disease

Answer 32

Over production of thyroxine results in an increased metabolic rate.

Question 33

name some syptoms of graves disese

Answer 33

Symptoms include: bulging eyes, hunger, weight loss, heat production, irritability and anxiety.

Question 34

what is a treatment for graves disease

Answer 34

Grave’s disease can be cured by removing part of the thyroid gland.

Question 35

name a hormone supplement

Answer 35

insulin

Question 36

why may someone need insulin supplement

Answer 36

An inability to produce insulin results in a disorder called diabetes. Caused by a failure of the islets of langerhans to work properly.

Question 37

what are symptoms of diabetes

Answer 37

Symptoms include: high glucose concentration in the blood, severe thirst, loss of weight, tiredness

Question 38

what is a treatment for diabetes

Answer 38

Treatment of diabetes involves the taking of the insulin by injection

Question 39

what are anabolic steroids

Answer 39

Anabolic steroids are drugs that build up muscle.

Question 40

why would anabolic steroids be used legally and illegally

Answer 40

Used legally for recovery, used illegally in sports and have long term damaging effects on the body including: liver and kidney damage, infertility, male traits in females and impotence in males.

Question 41

what is a word for the control of thyroxine levels

Answer 41

The concentration of thyroxine, like all hormones, is regulated by a mechanism called negative feedback.

Question 42

what is negative feedback

Answer 42

The correct level of one hormone has a negative effect on the previous hormone.

Question 43

what happens when thyroxine level are normal

Answer 43

When thyroxine levels in the bloodstream are normal, no TSH is produced, so no more thyroxine is made. This is the negative feedback mechanism at work.

Question 44

what happens if thyroxine levels are low

Answer 44

If thyroxine levels drop below normal, the pituitary gland produces TSH, which then causes more thyroxine to be produced.