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Biology > Diffusion and Osmosis > Flashcards

Diffusion and Osmosis Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the cell membrane described as in terms of permeability?

A

It is a semi permeable membrane- so it allows some molecules through but not all

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2
Q

What does the cell membrane do?

A

It is selectively permeable so controls what substances enter and leave the cell

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3
Q

What processes are in cell membrane that aid transport?

A
  • diffusion
    -osmosis
    -active transport
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4
Q

Define diffusion:

A

Diffusion is the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

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5
Q

What are passive processes ?

A

Passive processes require no energy
eg diffusion and osmosis

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6
Q

Examples of diffusion

A
  • co2 diffusion into a leaf
  • oxygen diffusing from the blood into the cell
  • smell of perfume
  • food colouring in water
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7
Q

What are the factors affecting diffusion?

A

-Temperature
-Concentration
-Particle size

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8
Q

Hoe does temperature affect diffusion?

A

The higher the temperature the more kinetic energy the molecules have so the faster the rate of diffusion

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9
Q

Hoe does concentration affect diffusion?

A

The higher the concentration of particles the greater the difference in concentration gradient and the greater the rate of diffusion

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10
Q

Define osmosis

A

Osmosis is the diffusion of water molecules from an area of high water molecules concentration to an area of low water molecule concentration

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11
Q

Hoe does particle size affect diffusion?

A

The smaller the particle size the faster the rate of diffusion

Stirring speeds up diffusion

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12
Q

What is a solvent?

A

A solvent is a liquid that dissolves other substances

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13
Q

What is a solution?

A

A solution is a mixture of solvent and solute

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14
Q

What is a solute?

A

Is a substance that has been dissolved in a solvent

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15
Q

What is a concentrated solution?

A

It is a solution with a large amount of solute in comparison with solvent

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16
Q

What is a dilute solution?

A

It is a solution with a large amount of solvent in relation to solute

17
Q

What is a hypertonic solution?

A

A hypertonic solution is one that contains a large amount of solute in relation to solvent eg concentrated

cells shrivel

18
Q

What is a hypotonic solution?

A

A hypotonic solution is one that contains a large amount of solvent in relation to solute eg dilute

cells swell or burst

19
Q

What is a isotonic solution?

A

An isotonic solution is one that contains the same ratio of solvent and solution

osmosis does not occur

20
Q

What happens to animal cells in a solution that is the same concentration as the cytoplasm?

A

In a solution that is of the same concentration than that of the cytoplasm
- there is no net movement as water moves in and out of the cell at the same rate
-there is no change in volume

21
Q

What happens to animal cells in a solution that is less concentrated than the concentration of the cytoplasm?

A

Water from the outside of cell will move into the cell as the outside will have a higher concentration of water molecules

22
Q

What happens to animal cells in a solution that is more concentration than the concentration of the cytoplasm?

A

If a cell is surrounded by a more concentrated solution it means there are less water molecules outside the cell than inside the cytoplasm so
- water will move out of the cell and it will shrivel

23
Q

Are cell walls fully permeable or semi permeable?

A

cell walls = fully permeable

24
Q

What happens to a plant cell in a less concentrated solution than that of the inside of the cell?

A

There will be a higher concentration of water molecules outside the cell so
-water will move into the cytoplasm and vacuole
- causes cell to slightly swell and the vacuole to push the cytoplasm up against the cell wall

25
Q

Define turgor pressure?

A

It is the outward pressure exerted by the vacuole and cytoplasm against the cell walls

26
Q

What does the turgor pressure do to the plant cell?

A

The cell wall is rigid so prevents the cell bursting
Without the turgor pressure plants would wilt
Turgot pressure gives the plant cell great strength

27
Q

What happens to a plant cell in a more concentrated solution than that of the inside of the cell?

A

There will be less water molecules outside the cell than insoide the cell so water will move out of the cell
It causes the vacuole and cell membrane to shrivel
Cell wall is not as strong cell becomes flaccid

28
Q

What is it called when a cell become flaccid?

A

A cell is said to be plasmolysed as plasmolysis has occurred

Water has left the plant cell and vacuole and cell membrane have shrivelled

29
Q

How does osmosis aid food preservation?

A

Osmosis can be used to kill bacteria and fungi in order to prevent them from growing on food

30
Q

Why is fish and meat placed in salty water?

A

Bacteria and Fungi have cell walls
-If the bacteria and fungi are placed in this salty water they will loose water by osmosis and die

31
Q

Why are fruits placed in water of a high sugar concentration?

A

If the bacteria and fungi are placed in a high sugar concentration there will be a higher water concentration inside the bacteria and fungi cells than outside so
- water will leave these cells and they will die

32
Q

What experiment can be done to demonstrate osmosis?

A

Visking tubing containing different concentrated solutions in a beaker of water

33
Q

How do you detect change?

A

Measure the mass and turgidity of each visking tube before and after placing in the water beaker for 30 minutes

34
Q

What do you fill the two bags with?

A

one- distilled water
two- sucrose solution

35
Q

What will happen to the visking tube filled of sucrose solution after 30 mins?

A

The tube will fill with water as the water move in from an area of high water to conc to an area of lower conc which is inside the tubing. So the mass increases and the turgidity increases too

36
Q

What will happen to the visking tube filled with distilled water after 30 mins?

A

There will be no change in the mass or turgidity of the visking tube as the conc on each side of the visking tube are equal s there is no concentration gradient results in no net movement

Biology (11 decks)

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