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Biology > Food > Flashcards

Food Flashcards

1
Q

Why do organisms need food?

A
  • for energy
  • growth and repair
  • to make chemicals for metabolic processes
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2
Q

How many elements are present in food?

A

14 elements

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3
Q

6 most common elements are

A
  • carbon
    -hydrogen
    -oxygen
    -nitrogen
    -sulfur
    -phosphorus
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4
Q

5 elements that are present in dissolved salts

A
  • sodium
    -magnesium
    -chlorine
    -potassium
    -calcium

So Many Cats Can’t Pounce

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5
Q

Name the 3 trace elements

A
  • iron
  • copper
  • zinc
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6
Q

What are biomolecules?

A

Biomolecules are chemicals that are made inside living things

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7
Q

What are the 4 major biomolecules in food?

A
  • carbohydrates
    -lipids
    -minerals
    -vitamins
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8
Q

What are the elements in carbohydrates

A
  • carbon
    -hydrogen
    -oxygen

formula Cx(H2O)y- where x and y are the same value

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9
Q

example of monosaccharide?

A

Glucose and fructose C6H12O6
single sugar unit

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10
Q

3 types of carbohydrates

A

monosaccharides
disaccharides
polysaccharides

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11
Q

What are the sources of protein?

A

Meat, fish, yogurt, cheese, eggs and nuts

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12
Q

Example of disaccharides

A

Maltose and sucrose

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13
Q

Example of polysaccharides

A

Starch, cellulose and glycogen

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14
Q

What are the characteristics of starch?

A
  • made of many glucose molecules joined
  • easily digested
    -carbohydrate stored by plants
    Found in pasta and potatoes
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15
Q

Characteristics of cellulose

A

-made of many glucose molecules molecules joined together but with more cross bonding than starch
-very strong
-difficult to digest
Found in plant cell walls

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16
Q

Characteristics of glycogen

A

Complex polysaccharide
Large number of glucose molecules arranged in branches chains
Animals store it in their liver and muscles

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17
Q

What are the sources of carbohydrates?

A

Bread
Pasta
Rice
Potatoes
Cakes

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18
Q

What is the structural role of carbohydrates?

A

Cellulose is what forms the plant cell walls
Glycogen

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19
Q

What is the metabolic role of carbohydrates?

A

-source of energy
-glucose is made in photosynthesis
-glucose is broken down during respiration to carry out metabolic reactions

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20
Q

What are the elements present in lipids?

A

-carbon
-hydrogen
-oxygen

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21
Q

What is the difference between fats and oils at room temperatures?

A

Fats are solid at room temperature
Oils are liquid at room temperature

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22
Q

What does the structure of a triglyceride consist of?

A

Three fatty acid chains attached to a molecule of glycerol

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23
Q

What is the structure of a phospholipid?

A

One molecule of glycerol with one phosphate group and two fatty acid tails

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24
Q

What are the sources of lipids?

A

Butter, cream, oils and fat from meat

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25
Structural role of lipids
Insulator for animals Protection of organs Important energy store for humans and plants Phospholipid are an important structure in cell membranes
26
Metabolic role of lipids
Lipids can be broken down in respiration to release energy Energy storage Hormone production
27
Define phospholipid
Phospholipids are a fat like substance in which one fatty acid is replaced by a phosphate group
28
What are the elements of protein?
-carbon -hydrogen -oxygen -nitrogen
29
What are proteins composed of?
Amino acids
30
How many different types of amino acids are there?
20
31
What is the bind between two amino acids called?
A peptide bond
32
What is a peptide?
A peptide has less than 20 amino acids
33
What is a polypeptide?
A polypeptide has more than 20 amino acids
34
What is a protein?
A protein has at least 200 amino acids
35
What defines a proteins nature?
A proteins nature is defined by the sequence of amino acids in the chain it is made up from
36
What are the differences between a fibrous and globular protein?
Globular Lots of folding Has a rounded shape Example enzymes and hormones Fibrous Little to no folding Strong and durable Long fibres Example keratin and collagen
37
What is the structural role of protein?
keratin which is found in the skin and hair Myosin found in muscles Collagen in skin
38
What is the metabolic role of proteins?
enzymes to control reactions Form antibodies Hormones
39
What are vitamins?
Vitamins are complex carbon based structures the body cannot make
40
What is an example of a water soluble vitamin?
Vitamin C
41
Sources of water soluble vitamin c are
Citrus fruits and veg
42
What is another name for vitamin c?
Ascorbic acid
43
What is the metabolic role of vitamin c?
- growth and maintenance of bones and teeth - helps immune system to function - helps wound healing
44
What are the symptoms and the name of a vitamin c deficiency?
Scurvy Symptoms - bleeding gums, bleeding under the skin and poor skin healing
45
What is an example of a fat soluble vitamin?
Vitamin D
46
Sources of vitamin D are
- skin can get it from uv light - fish oils - milk -egg yolk
47
What is the metabolic role of vitamin D?
- helps absorb calcium from the intestine - needed for healthy bone and tooth formation
48
What is a vitamin d deficiency and what are the symptoms?
In adults osteomalacia In kids rickets Symptoms are weak and deformed bones
49
What are two minerals in plants ?
Magnesium and calcium
50
Where do plants get their minerals from?
Salts in the soils
51
Use of magnesium and calcium in plants
Magnesium helps form chlorophyll Calcium helps cell walls attach to each other
52
Name two minerals found In animals
Iron and calcium
53
Where do you get iron and calcium from?
Irons from red meat and green veg Calcium from milk and cheeses
54
What is the use of calcium and iron to animals.
Iron helps form haemoglobin Calcium helps form strong teeth and bones
55
Why does life need water?
70-95 percent of cells mass are made of water Many organisms live in water All metabolic reactions take place in water Allows for transport systems in organisms
56
Why is water Important for living things?
It is involved in respiration, digestion and photosynthesis Allows molecules to be dissolved and transported in the body Gives organisms a stable temperature range Gives structure in plant cells and red blood cells
57
What is metabolism?
Metabolism is the sum of all chemical reactions within an organism
58
What are anabolic reactions?
These are reactions in which energy is used to convert smaller molecules to larger molecules Eg muscles formation from amino acids
59
What are catabolic reactions?
Catabolic reaction are when energy is released as a complex molecule is broken down into a simpler form Eg digestion of food
60
What is the test for reducing sugars?
Adding benedict's solution and heating
61
What is the colour change if a reducing sugar is present?
blue-brick red
62
What is the test for lipids?
Brown paper test Placing some butter on a brown piece of paper and as a control only adding water to another piece of paper. Then place in a radiator to dry. A permanent stain should appear on the butter paper and nothing on the water paper
63
What is the colour change if a lipid is present?
Brown paper should have a permanent stain
64
What is the test for proteins?
Biuret test Dissolve a soluble protein in water (egg whites) and label. Then put just water in another to be a control and add sodium hydroxide to both solutions. This will make the solution clear. Then add copper sulphate to both solution and the one with the protein in should change colour
65
What is the colour change if a protein is present?
Blue-Purple
66
What is the test for starch?
Add iodine to a solution
67
What is the colour change if a starch is present?
Red/yellow - blue/black
68
What elements are sometimes found in proteins?
Phosphorus and sulphur
69
What is the percentage mass of water in a cell?
70-95%
70
What is the percentage mass of water in a cell?
70-95%
71
What are the functions of minerals?
Structural Constituents of soft tissue Regulate the bodies water balance Transmission of nerve impulses
72
name a fat soluble vitamin
d
73
name a water soluble vitamin
c

Biology (23 decks)

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